《创世记》1－3章之文学批判法回眸

A Critical Review of Literary Criticism on Genesis 1-3

林艳(Lin Yan)

《聖經文學研究》 1輯 (2007/11) Pp. 154-173

摘要

现代释经学者对《创世记》1－3章詮释主要运用了历史批判法、文学批判法，与古代近东创世神话的比较研究、女性主义释经方法，以及跨文本诊释方法。这篇专文将批判地回顾学者采用文学批判法研究的情况。这方面的研究主要依循了两条进路：一条是从来源批判法指出的两个创造叙事入手，分析每个叙事的文学体裁和结构；另一条是将《创世记》1－3章看成一个整体，分析其文学结构，同时将它放在全书1－11章整个太古叙事的框架下，探索它与洪水故事之间可能的关联。本文沿着这两条进路，指出学者们面对的问题，审视他们提出的观点并提出批评。在批判性回顾的过程中，本文的基本立场是，以文学批判法研究《创世记》1－3章应当与历史批判法结合起来，甚至与其他诸种现代释经方法结合起来。

關鍵字

文学批判法 ； 历史批判法 ； 《创世记》1－3章 ； 体裁 ； 结构

並列摘要

The modern western scholars mainly use historical criticism, literary criticism, the comparative approach and feminist interpretation to annotate Genesis 1-3. The aim of this paper is to review the previous studies of literary criticism on Genesis 1-3. There are two ways opened when those scholars using literary criticism to interpret Genesis 1-3. One is to analyse the genres and structures of the two creation stories according to the achievements which source criticism gives. The other way is to regard Genesis 1-3 as a whole, and put it into the structure of Genesis I-II. In this way, the scholars want to see if there is any relationship among Genesis 1-3, the flood, and genealogies. This paper will critically review the questions which scholars point out and criticize their opinions following these two ways. The author's basic standpoint in this paper is to integrate historical criticism and literary criticism when annotate Genesis 1-3. In the author's opinion, there is no rigid standard to distinguish modern interpretations, and there are many overlaps among those interpretations. It will be better for scholars to use many kinds of methods to interpret Genesis 1-3.

並列關鍵字

Literary Criticism ； Historical Criticism ； Genesis 1-3 ； Genre ； Structure