对待／或论述／女人:《士师记》中的女儿们

Dealing/With/Women: Daughters in the Book of Judges

米克．巴尔(Mieke BAL) ； 张思齐(ZHANG Siqi)

《聖經文學研究》 7輯 (2013/03) Pp. 34-71

摘要

圣经和批评理论的关系是一种“和＂的关系，亦即对话关系。《士师记》中再现了三个匿名的女性牺牲者。在圣经中人的主体性往往以人物化的形式呈现。就叙事学研究的需要而言，她们可以分别称作巴斯、贝斯和卡拉。研究她们的主体性，以及巴斯和贝斯的处女身份，可以看出古代中东地区的社会演变踪迹，父亲与丈夫的身份交织，妓女与处女的身份混同，婚姻与性交的多样态呈现，远古社会中的妻子、妾和成年女儿具有在性交上的可使用性，从而成为男人们争夺的对象。男人们为争夺对于女人的排他性占有权而相互搏斗，女人们在捍卫主体性的斗争过程中做出了牺牲，这些都在有关女儿的宗教仪式中得到回忆。比较圣经的希伯来文本和诸多现代语言译本是一条重要的研究路径。希伯来词语犹如滚动的岩石，具有多重含义，不过在其他文献和出土文物的佐证之下其含义大都能够得到确认。从希伯来关键词入手，能够解开圣经研究中的许多谜团。圣经的学术研究有着跨学科合作的丰厚传统，跨学科的探索会带给我们诸多新的发现。

關鍵字

《士师记》 ； 跨学科 ； 女性位置 ； 叙事研究

並列摘要

The relationship between the Bible and critical theory is that of ＂and＂, namely, a relationship of dialogues. Three anonymous female victims are represented in the Book of Judges. In the Bible, the subjectivity of men are represented usually through vivid figures. From the narratological need, they may be called respectively Bath, Beth and Kallah. A study of their subjectivity as well as the virginity the support from other documents and unearthed objects as well. It is a feasible way to unveil doubts and suspicions which emerge in the biblical study by analyzing some key words of Hebrew. The biblical scholarship has a rich tradition of interdisciplinary collaboration. and an interdisciplinary research may bring many new discoveries to us of Bath and Beth can shows us the traces of how the society of the Middle East evolves. The statuses of father and husband interweave, the statuses of prostitute and virgin mix together, both marriage and sexual intercourse have many forms, and wife, concubine and daughter in remote ages are all possessed of nubility. All these make women an object of male struggle. Men struggle against each other in order to have the exclusive possession over women, and women sacrifice themselves in the struggling process to defend their subjectivity. All these are remembered in the rituals relative to daughters. It is an important researching route to compare the Hebrew version of the Bible with the translations in many modem languages. Hebrew words are like wandering rocks in that they are semantically multiple. They can, however, be certified with the support from other documents and unearthed objects as well. It is a feasible way to unveil doubts and suspicions which emerge in the biblical study by analyzing some key words of Hebrew. The biblical scholarship has a rich tradition of interdisciplinary collaboration, and an interdisciplinary research may bring many new discoveries to us.

並列關鍵字

the Book of Judges ； interdisciplinary collaboration ； women's positions ； narratological study