系統動態觀點下教師工作壓力之探討

A Study of System Dynamics Perspective on the Teacher Stress

林錦煌(Chin-Huang Lin) ； 唐如玫(Ju-Mei Tang)

《管理科學研究》 2009特刊 (2009/12) Pp. 41-68

https://doi.org/10.6873/MSR.200912/SP.0003

摘要

隨著教育改革的腳步，身處第一線的教師，除了要面對學習方式的改變、課程與教材的改革，另外家長的高度參與學校事務的挑戰，以及形形色色的學生問題，都使得教師面臨的工作壓力愈形加重。也正由於教師壓力的提升，相對工作滿意度降低，也使得校園間師生衝突更形激烈，而教師因情緒失控造成學生身心傷害的事件更是時有所聞。有鑑於此，本研究藉由系統動態學，建構教師壓力因子之動態模式，並將其概分為情緒管理能力、工作滿意度、教師角色壓力、教學認知負荷、社會支持等五個構面的因果迴路圖，最後再構成整體教師壓力的因果迴路圖。本研究發現，情緒管理能力以及社會支持為主要的負向回饋，其餘三構面皆屬正向回饋，因此凸顯情緒管理能力及社會支持將會是減輕教師壓力、人際衝突以及增加工作滿意度相當重要的因子。教師是教育核心，若要提升教育品質，教師身心健康即為重要議題，如何幫助教師管理自身的情緒，並尋求有力的社會支持，進而做到有效的壓力解除、提高工作滿意度，將會是今日相當值得重視的教育議題。

關鍵字

系統動態學 ； 教師壓力

並列摘要

With step of educational reform, teachers must cope with many tasks, including changes of learning approaches, reforms of programs and teaching materials, challenges of students' parents to aggressively participate in school affairs, and various problems of students. All of these make teachers take more job stress, and therefore reduce their job satisfaction. As a result, teacher-student conflicts on campus are getting more violent, and it is more common for psycho-physical health of students being harmed due to teachers' poor emotional intelligence. Therefore, this paper seeks to use system dynamics approach to construct factors of teacher stress; Emotional intelligence, job satisfaction, role stress of teacher, loads of teaching cognition, and social support are five dimensions for causal loop diagram and finally create an overall causal loop diagram for teacher stress. The findings indicate that emotional intelligence and social support are key factors of negative result and the others are factors of positive result. Thus, emotional intelligence and social support are main elements to reduce teacher stress and interpersonal conflict, as well as to increase job satisfaction. Teachers are the core of education. For improving the educational quality, the educational issues of how to help teachers manage their emotions and get powerful social support to moderate job stress and enhance job satisfaction would be significant.

並列關鍵字

System Dynamics ； Teacher Stress