中國與達賴喇嘛的角力戰－以尼泊爾格魯派發展為例

China and the Dalai Lama's tussle-Gelugpa development Case In Nepal

鄭惠元(Cheng Hui Yuan)

《台北海洋科技大學學報》 9卷2期 (2018/08) Pp. 281-299

摘要

尼泊爾，多個世紀以來一直奉「印度教」為國教，甚至在1926年、1944年還有兩次驅逐佛教僧侶的行動，但如今，尼泊爾卻反轉了這個印象，甚至被外界認可是「佛國聖地」之一。尼泊爾能夠從反抗到接受佛教的存在，這當中最大的原因還是跟流亡藏人的遷徙有關。但由於中尼關係素來友好，這導致了藏傳佛教在此地的發展還是脫離不了「中國因素」的影響，所以透過尼泊爾土地上的觀察，反而能夠讓讀者更鮮明看到「中國與西藏流亡政府」對立關係的縮影。因此，本文將以加德滿都的寺院為例，來看尼泊爾如何成為中國與西藏流亡政府的角力平台。此外，以往認為格魯派的內鬨是從1996年的多傑雄登事件後才發生，但事實是第十四世達賴喇嘛與其他藏人之間的決裂，早在1974年的木斯塘（Mustang）事件就已經有跡可循，這件牽扯到尼泊爾政府、西藏流亡政府、中國政府等多方政府的歷史事件，事實上也埋下了格魯派內鬨的導火線，因此，本文將透過格魯派在尼泊爾的發展軌跡，來疏理中國、西藏流亡政府及尼泊爾政府三者間的互動關係。

關鍵字

達賴喇嘛 ； 多杰雄登 ； 格魯派 ； 四水六崗衛教軍 ； 木斯塘事件

並列摘要

For centuries, Nepal has been dedicating ＂Hinduism＂ as the state religion. Even in 1926, and 1944 as well, there have been twice the expulsion of Buddhist monks in action. But now, Nepal has reversed this impression. Even the outside world has recognized it as one of the ＂Buddhist Holy Land＂. The transformation from resistance to acceptance regarding the existence of Buddhism in Nepal, among the biggest reasons for that is the migration of exiled Tibetans. However, because the Sino-Nepalese relations have always been friendly, thus that led to the development of Tibetan Buddhism in the area being closely influenced by the ＂China factor＂. So by observing Nepalese land, it actually enables the reader to see more clearly, the epitome of the opposite relationship between ＂China and the Tibetan government in exile＂. Therefore, this article will be based on a temple in Kathmandu, to see how Nepal has become the wrestling platform between ＂China and the Tibetan government in exile＂. Moreover, In the past, the Gelugpa sect's internal strife has been thought to have occurred after the Dorje Shugden incident from 1996. But the fact is, the break between the 14th Dalai Lama and other Tibetans has been tracked to as early as the 1974 Mustang event. This historical event involves the Government of Nepal, the Tibetan government in exile, the Chinese government and other multiparty government. In fact, it has planted the fuse for the Gelugpa strife. Therefore, this article is the trajectory through the Gelugpa development in Nepal, to reorganizing the interaction between the three parties, namely, China, and the Government of Nepal, and the Tibetan government in exile.

並列關鍵字

H.H 14 Dalai lama ； Dorje Shugden ； Gelugpa ； Chushi Gangdruk ； Mustang event

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