Since the Reform and Opening-up, the rapid economic growth of all regions in China has been closely related to public investment. Firstly, the regional structure of Anhui public investment is analyzed from two angles, that is, the comparative analysis of per capita GDP and per capita public investment of 16 cities in Anhui, and the regional differences of public investment in the three regions of central Anhui, southern Anhui and northern Anhui; Then, based on the Cobb-Douglas production function,an empirical study on the effect of economic growth of Anhui Public Investment, and it is found that Anhui public investment promotes economic growth, but this promotion is less than that of private investment. Finally, we proposes to optimize regional structure of Anhui public investment to promote countermeasures for coordinated economic development.