The role of local government debt in supporting regional economic and social development cannot be ignored. In particular, after my country entered the new normal, local governments used debt financing to invest more funds in different industries to promote the accelerated economic and social development, and also laid a solid foundation for the transformation of methods and structural adjustments. This article first introduces the concepts and definitions of local government debt and industrial structure, and analyzes the influence mechanism of local government on industrial structure changes based on the summary of domestic and foreign related research, and separately from the two dimensions of industrial structure advanced and industrial structure rationalization Perform analysis. The study found that the expansion of local government debt affects the changes in the industrial structure by affecting the secondary and tertiary industries.