【論文摘要】Prevalence and Clustering of the Coronary Risk Factors Among Malaysian Adults: A Cross-sectional Study

Khairul Shafiq Ibrahim ； Hapizah Mohd Nawawi ； Nurul Ain Abu Bakar ； Mohamad Rodi Isa ； Aimi Zafira Razman ； Ahmad Bakhtiar Md Radzi ； on behalf of the MyHBEBAT-CRES Investigators

《海峽循環醫學雜誌》 1卷2S期 (2019/09) Pp. 124-124

https://doi.org/10.6907/SCJ.201909/SP_1(2).0099

摘要

Background/Synopsis: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a major health burden which accounts for 31% (17.9 million people) of deaths globally every year. CVD is the leading cause of death in Malaysia. Although data on general prevalence of coronary risk factors (CRFs) is available for Malaysian adults, clustering of these risk factors covering all adult age groups has not been reported. Objectives/Purpose: The aims of this study were to measure the prevalence and clustering of CRFs in Malaysian adults. Methods/Results: A cross-sectional study was conducted in a nationally representative community samples of 5346 adults aged 18 years and older from 2011 to 2018. Coronary risk assessment was performed using questionnaires and physical examination. Fasting blood was collected for laboratory measurements. The study protocol was reviewed and approved by the Institutional Ethics Committee. Informed consent was obtained from each participant prior to commencement of the study. This study involved 5346 Malaysian adults (mean + SD age: 41.6 ± 15.4 years), 2027 (37.9%) were men and 3319 (62.1%) were women. The overall prevalence of having CRFs among Malaysian adults was 84.9% (95%CI: 84.0 - 85.9), having ≥2 was 56.1% (95%CI: 54.7-57.4) and ≥3 was 25.8 (95%CI: 24.6 - 27.0). The percentages of CRFs among hypertensive patients was 36.8% (1673/4541), diabetes: 13.1% (596/4541), dyslipidaemia: 60.6% (2754/4541), overweight: 79.4% (3604/4541) and current smoking: 14.6% (662/4541). Multivariable analysis revealed that the factors associated with CRF clustering were: gender (males vs females) [adj. OR: 2.55 (95%CI: 2.05 - 3.17, p＜0.001], marital status (married versus widow) [adj. OR: 5.13 (95%CI: 4.24 - 6.19), p＜0.001] and location (urban versus rural) [adj. OR: 0.83 (95%CI: 0.68 - 0.99), p＜0.005], compared with their counterparts. Conclusion: In addition to the high prevalence of hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidaemia, overweight or obesity and smoking, there is rampant clustering of CRFs in Malaysia. These may in part contribute to the increasing trend of premature CAD prevalence and younger average of age of onset of CAD. Therefore, implementation of effective public health policies especially for high-risk patients is warranted, including enhancing public health awareness, organising health promotion campaigns, enforcing smoke-free law, producing healthy nutrient foods, or providing free or low-cost public sports and fitness facilities.