Rural development has great potential, the key lies in the training of talents. In the process of promoting the development of new urbanization, rural development is inseparable, and rural education is the foundation of rural development. It is the mainstay of rural social development, rural cultural construction and the growth of rural children, and has an indelible contribution to the future development of rural areas. In the recent years, my governor has made some progress in the governance of rural education, but there are still some problems to be solved, such as backward rural education environment, insufficient education investment, weak teachers and backward farmers, and the education of left‐behind children in rural areas. This paper first summarizes the concept, characteristics and role of rural education, expounds the current situation of rural education development in Changzhi District of Shanxi Province, then analyzes the problems in rural education development of Changzhi District of Shanxi Province, and finally proposes the countermeasures of rural education development in Shanxi Province.