This paper investigates the urban spatial structure characteristics and evolution of 30 prefecture‐level cities in Central Plains urban agglomeration, measures the regional coordinated development level and evolution characteristics of Central Plains urban agglomeration, and puts forward some policy suggestions to promote new urbanization. The research results show that the city scale distribution of the Central Plains urban agglomeration presents a flattening characteristic and has a trend of averaging. The regional coordinated development level of the Central Plains urban agglomeration changes from an uncoordinated development state to a coordinated development, but there are differences in the coordination degree of different cities. The policy implications of this paper are that actively promoting the balanced development of urban scale in Central Plains and realizing the scale distribution pattern of multi‐center cities are the important directions to promote the coordinated development of Central Plains and the new urbanization.