The book is an educational novel with narration and discussion. It takes Emil, a rich orphan, as the protagonist, discusses the educational reform of men, criticizes the absurdity and corruption of the old British education, and puts forward the principles and ideals of the new education. And through education of Emil's future wife Sophie, this paper demonstrates the innovation of women's education. The book reflects the naturalistic educational thought and expounds the theory of good nature. His thoughts have inspired and influenced many educators in later generations, and this book systematically puts forward a new concept of children's education for the first time in the history of western education, thus setting off a "Copernican Revolution" in the history of education.