This article through the literature material method, logic analysis and other research methods, the school sports foster adolescent health literacy role as the research object, discussed the connotation of health literacy, namely young students by getting and understanding related health knowledge, use the information the ability to maintain and promote their health called health literacy .According to the course of training adolescent health literacy by school physical education, this paper analyzes the effects of school physical education on the cultivation of adolescent health literacy, including popularizing health knowledge and improving health literacy; Guide scientific exercise to improve students' physique; Improve the traditional teaching methods, promote the reform of school physical education, and put forward the practical basis of cultivating health literacy in school physical education: adhere to the concept of "health first"; Adhere to the student‐centered teaching principle; Strengthen the construction of teaching staff; Innovate teaching methods and promote the development of health education.