As immigrants move in, there will inevitably be various kinds of relations between immigrants and local residents, and the rights and interests of both sides will be affected in the process of communication. This process is two-way, on the one hand, as an emigrant, it is a process of adaptation and integration; on the other hand, as a local resident, it is the process of acceptance and commissioning. This paper takes the ecological immigrants and local residents of Sanjiang source in Golmud, Qinghai Province as the research object, and through the analysis of the status and investigation and research, from the four aspects of political, economic, cultural and social rights and interests, The paper analyzes the problems existing in the game of rights and interests between ecological immigrants and local residents, analyzes the causes of the problems, and puts forward some countermeasures and suggestions.