簡化企業申設流程　提升國家競爭力之對策與建議

A Study on How to Enhance National Competitiveness by Simplifying Business Startup Procedures

吳家林(Wu Ja-Lin)

《台灣經濟論衡》 7卷2期 (2009/02) Pp. 53-79

摘要

當草擬商業計畫及嘗試進行創業時，申設企業就是企業主於合法營運前所需面對的第一個障礙難題。不同的經濟結構，同時也決定了新事業體進入的管制方式。對於申設一個企業，有些程序對企業主來說，是簡單且是低度負擔。但是有些經濟體的申設程序是相當複雜而緩慢，形同設置創業的障礙，最後結果導致地下經濟的惡性擴張發展。繁複的企業申設程序，將衍生更多貪污情形的發生，特別是在一些開發中的國家。如果申設程序是個困難，就有潛在發生賄賂的可能性。依世界銀行分析顯示，繁複的企業申設管制，並不能提升產品品質、創造更安全工作環境或降低污染；相反地，它們限制了私人的投資機會，驅使更多的人進行地下經濟活動，提高了消費者的購買價格，並助長貪污情形發生的機會。

關鍵字

開辦企業（Starting Business） ； 經商容易度（Ease of Doing Business） ； 最低資本額（minimum capital） ； 人均所得（GNI per capita）

並列摘要

When entrepreneurs draw up a business plan and try to get under way, the first hurdles they face are the procedures required to incorporate and register the new firm before they can legally operate. Economies differ greatly in how they regulate the entry of new businesses. In some the process is straightforward and affordable. In others the procedures are so burdensome that entrepreneurs may have to bribe officials to speed the process or may decide to run their business informally. Cumbersome entry procedures are associated with more corruption, particularly in developing economies. Each procedure is a point of contact, a potential opportunity to extract a bribe. Analysis shows that burdensome entry regulations do not increase the quality of products, make work safer or reduce pollution. Instead, they constrain private investment; push more people into the informal economy; increase consumer prices and fuel corruption.