當代心理戰策略：以香港「反送中」抗爭為例

Ideology and Strategy of Contemporary Psychological Warfare: A Case Study of Hong Kong's ＂Anti-Extradition＂ Protests

張光瀚(Chang, Kuang-Han)

《展望與探索月刊》 19卷8期 (2021/08) Pp. 39-74

摘要

本研究以香港「反送中」運動為例，探討中共中央與港府對香港泛民派的心理戰攻防，雙方以網路社交媒體為主戰場，進行高強度的攻防，甚至出現虛擬指揮現實的軍事化架構與組織。舊時代心理戰的傳播以文字、傳單、海報、廣播、影像等媒體進行，而當代心理戰媒介則以網際網路為主要戰場；結論與建議：一、心理戰可稱為「紙彈」或「資訊彈」、「訊息彈」。二、現代心理戰的媒介為網際網路，其訊息製作與投放需掌握社交媒體特性，配合大數據演算法進行精準傳播。三、虛假訊息很難在第一時間澄清，需從源頭加以過濾限制。四、培養群眾信任度高的意見領袖或直播主，適時澄清虛假訊息或善意安撫，以鞏固人們心防。五、建立快速反應之心理戰專業部隊，第一時間就國內政治、經濟、軍事、心理等層面提出對策，達到對敵心戰、對我心防之效果。

關鍵字

中共 ； 心理戰 ； 香港社運 ； 「反送中」

並列摘要

Taking the case of the ＂Hong Kong Anti-Extradition Law Amendment Bill Movement＂ as an example, this study explores the psychological attack and defense of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the Hong Kong government against the HK Pan-Democrats. Online Social media have been the main battlefields where both the protesters and Hong Kong government were engaged. It's a kind of highly intense psychological warfare. There was even a militarized structure and organization of virtual command reality. The dissemination of psychological warfare in old times was carried out by texts, flyers, posters, radios, videos, and other kinds of media, while the contemporary psychological warfare media used the Internet as the main battlefield. Conclusions and suggestions: 1. The weapons of psychological warfare can be ＂paper bullet＂, ＂information bomb＂, or ＂message bomb＂. 2. The medium of modern psychological warfare is the Internet. The production and delivery of messages require the mastery of the characteristics of social media and the use of big data algorithms for accurate dissemination. 3. It is difficult to clarify false information in the first place, and it needs to be filtered and restricted from the source. 4. The government should cultivate opinion leaders and live broadcasters, both of whom are highly trusted by the masses, and clarify false information or reassure them in good faith in a timely manner to consolidate people's defenses. 5. The government should establish a professional rapid-response psychological warfare force. It can immediately put forward countermeasures at domestic political, economic, military, and psychological levels, so as to achieve the effect of fighting against the enemy and defending ourselves.

並列關鍵字

Communist Party of China ； Psychological Warfare ； Hong Kong Social Movement ； Anti-ELAB Movement