古蹟建築防火演練必要性與策略之探討

本研究係基於我國古蹟建築木造構物為主之特性，同時以目前全球古蹟建築朝向活化再利用而開放使用，因而出現古蹟建築防火措施不當且不足、火災發生原因多樣、消防搶救而引發之二次災害等問題，提出古蹟建築防火進一步探討。先就古蹟建築防火之特殊性與重要性，以及日常管理方法與正確救火方法做分析，因此古蹟建築之防火保護對策，不能只有消防滅火設備之考量，管理人員每日的預防作業更為重要，必須研擬古蹟建築個別之防火計畫書。因為每一古蹟建築之構造材料不同、使用強度不同、火源密度不同，古蹟建築日常防火管理計畫須從火災預防的目的，以及管理人員實際操作策略，研擬八大項目之內容架構重點。其中古蹟建築之防火演練課程之建立與實行，是古蹟建築最特別也最需要的選擇。另外古蹟建築適合的消防設備選用與設計，例如火焰型火警探測器、可單人操作之室內消防水栓等，除可以降低對古蹟建築原有風貌破壞外，更會是古蹟建築防火演練效果展現的基本俱備條件。

關鍵字

古蹟建築再利用；防火措施；防火計畫

並列摘要

Because on the fact that most historical buildings in Taiwan are constructed in wood, and the global trend towards encouraging reuse of historical buildings by local people, there are increasing problems of inappropriate fire preventing measures, greater variety of fire causes, and the greater risk of secondary hazards due to fire fighting methods. These are reviewed in this research. Firstly, the importance and uniqueness of the historical building in terms of fire prevention are discussed, so as a more appropriate method for fire fighting strategy. Fire preventing strategies for historical buildings should take into account not only fire extinguishers, but should include daily fire preventing measures, such as preparing a Fire Prevention Management Plan especially for each historical building. There are eight factors in a Fire Preventing Management Plan to cover fire prevention preparation, among them to establish fire preventing training courses for the building users is the most necessary and important part. Furthermore, use of flame-detectors or easy to operate fire hoses not only reducing the impact on the building's original appearance, but also form the basic equipment to realize effective fire preventing practice and training.