木構造歷史建築物防火與應變救援之探討

歷史性建築是全世界珍貴的文化資產，而文化資產是記載全人類歷史傳承的重要證明，每個人都有責任珍惜並保護它的永久存在。從過去的災例統計，我們不難發現，導致珍貴文化資產發生火災的原因，不外乎煙蒂起火、加熱設備故障、電線短路、錯誤使用焊接工具以及縱火等因素。為何星星之火會蔓延擴大並造成最終無法彌補的損害，事後歸咎原因往往不是缺乏自動撒水設備或其他自動滅火或防護設備，就是缺乏適當的防火區劃（連續延燒），或再者則是由於初期發現火災或通報火災之延遲；我們必須暸解火災發生初期的幾分鐘是否應變得宜，往往是影響火災是否會從微小火勢擴大成不可收拾火災之關鍵。一般而言，許多珍貴的歷史性建築往往就是缺乏火警探測系統或其他防護設備之空間樣態，火災一旦發生就必須依靠路人或鄰居的通報，結果勢必造成無法避免的重大損失。歷史建築物是各民族的寶貴財產，防火則是歷史性建築物保護上首先面對的第一個問題；因此其防火應變對策應考慮到教育體制、防火管理措施、消防技術等各面向，在保護火災侵害的同時，並以符合歷史建築物保護之觀點，制定出合理有效的火災應變對策，以正確的觀念及技術來保護我們的歷史性建築物。

關鍵字

木構造建築；歷史建築（資產）；文化資產；防火安全；緊急應變對策

並列摘要

Historic buildings represent culture resources that should be treasured and protected by utilizing appropriate preservation strategies. Available fire statistics reveal that the major causes of destruction of historic constructions are: malfunction of electrical installations, malfunction of heating equipment, smoking materials and arson. Many fire investigation reports for historic property reveal that lack of appropriate fire suppression systems, fire detection systems, and delay in fire notification result in the fire spreading in the event of a fire outbreak. Appropriate initial emergency response action, therefore, would be a key factor in whether a fire in a building could be controlled in a zoned area. In general, many cultural resources, did not have appropriate fire protection systems installed; consequently, fire could be spread and damage would be inestimable because of the delay in raising the alarm since this would rely on a passer-by or neighbour. Because historic properties or culture resources represent a most valuable culture heritage for various societies, how to protect those constructions becomes a primary consideration. Based on a study of education, fire safety management, fire safety protection technology, and appropriate protection strategies for varios cases, this project aims to establish reasonable and operable fire protection and response strategies for historic property constructed of timber frames.