美国航空冷战政策的缘起、演进和调整（1947－1963）

冷战格局形成之际，利用国际民用航空实施遏制战略成为美国全球冷战布局的重要环节，此即航空冷战。通过单边和多边相结合的方式，美国构筑了针对苏联和东欧国家民用航空技术与设备的出口管制体系。在民用航线问题上，美国致力于打造限制甚至封锁苏联和东欧国家民用航空活动的所谓“空中铁幕”。基于自身利益的考量，英国等西欧国家从一开始就对美国的航线限制政策持有不同立场，美国试图切断东西方民用航空联系的努力未能如愿。面对国际民用航空的发展及美苏航空技术实力对比的变化，美国最终放弃构建“空中铁幕”的政策图谋。美国航空冷战政策的演进证明，国家利益考量和技术实力对比是决定航空冷战走向和国际民用航空格局的关键因素。

關鍵字

美国；航空冷战；国际民用航空；空中铁幕；出口管制

並列摘要

In the context of the Cold War, international civil aviation became an important tool of America's containment strategy. Through unilateral and multilateral approaches, the U. S. set up an export control system on aviation technology and equipment toward the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe. On the issue of civil air routes, the U. S. was eager to build an Air Iron Curtain. Based on self-interest, Western European countries such as the U. K. took different positions on U. S. policy from the start, and America's efforts to sever civil aviation ties between Eastern and Western Europe came to be fruitless. Facing the development of international civil aviation relations and the change of the comparison of aviation technology strength between the United States and Soviet Union, America's policy of Air Iron Curtain finally went to failure.

並列關鍵字

U. S. ； aviation cold war ； international civil aviation ； Air Iron Curtain ； export control

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