Based on the use of reasonable quantitative methods to estimate the stock data of Shandong Province's "traditional cultural capital", an empirical test was conducted on the relationship between "traditional cultural capital" and economic growth in Shandong Province during this research in which cultural capital and institutional factors are incorporated into the endogenous economic growth model, and panel data of 17 cities in Shandong Province, China from 1997 to 2016 are selected. The results show that "traditional cultural capital" can not only promote the economic growth of Shandong Province by influencing the accumulation of material capital, but also provide effective impetus support for the economic growth of Shandong Province through its positive effect as an informal institutional constraint. Finally, this paper puts forward the relevant enlightenment on how Shandong Province should effectively use excellent traditional cultural resources to promote local economic development under the new situation.