Based on the employee ownership data of large, listed companies, the paper studies the influence of industry-level factors on the effectiveness of employee ownership. We assume that compared with enterprises in other industries, there is a stronger positive correlation between employee ownership and enterprise performance (ROA) in industries with higher volatility and prosperity. By applying a multilevel linear model, our results support part of the hypothesis. Research shows that employee ownership is positively correlated with enterprise performance, and industry risk will affect the effectiveness of employee ownership. This paper explains the factors affecting the effectiveness of employee plans from the industry level and provides suggestions for the effective use of ESOP.