As the world's most populous developing country, China is facing the enormous challenge of a large, rapidly aging population and a deepening degree of aging. Although they have been lifted out of absolute poverty, rural elderly people still suffer from poverty in various aspects such as health, social integration, welfare, spirituality, and quality of life. The paper combines multidimensional poverty theory and relative deprivation theory to explore the problems faced by rural elderly poverty governance from the perspective of multidimensional relative poverty and put forward relevant suggestions.