烏骨雞之生長性能、絨毛檢測、抗體力價與雛白痢之監測

Growth performance, bacterial count in down, antibody titer and Pullorum disease detection in Silkies

劉曉龍(Hsiao-Lung Liu) ； 洪哲明(Che-Ming Hung) ； 陳添福(Tian-Fwu Chen) ； 林義福(Yih-Fwu Lin) ； 蔡銘洋(Ming-Yang Tsai) ； 謝昭賢(Chao-Hsien Hsieh) ； 鄭裕信(Yu-Shin Cheng) ； 連一洋(Yi-Yang Lien)

《畜產研究》 42卷2期 (2009/06) Pp. 87-96

摘要

為建立最少疾病之雞群監測試驗雞場白絲羽烏骨雞（White Silkie, WS）及黑絲羽烏骨雞（Black Silkie, BS）之健康狀況，兩品系烏骨雞於2005年孵化253隻，2006年孵化219隻，共計472隻供試驗用。雛雞孵化時稱重並進行孵化機絨毛檢測，於種雞10及20週齡時秤體重及抽血，進行檢測雛白痢（Pullorum disease, PD）抗體反應，新城病（Newcastle disease, ND）、產蛋下降症（Egg drop syndrome, EDS）、傳染性華氏囊病（Infectious bursal disease, IBD）、傳染性喉頭氣管炎（Infectious laryngotracheitis, ILT）及傳染性支氣管炎（Infectious bronchitis, IB）之血清抗體力價，以追蹤種雞及種雞場孵化設備之衛生程度及雞隻之抗體力價。結果顯示，2005與2006年WS平均初生體重分別為26.8±0.4與28.7±0.3g，BS平均分別為30.1±0.2與32.3±0.5g。孵化雞隻絨毛檢測8批次結果顯示，每公克細菌數值（Log）介於2.60～4.27，2005與2006年平均分別為3.88與3.31，顯示種雞場之自衛防疫孵化操作絨毛檢測結果變異仍大，需要加強孵化場清潔消毒。WS及BS於2005年20週齡平均體重分別為1,118±25與1,284±13g，2006年平均體重分別為1,239±14與1,406±22g。於初生、10與20週齡平均體重，黑絲羽烏骨雞均顯著重於白絲羽烏骨雞（P＜0.05）。於正常防疫計畫下，種雞於育成期20週齡時ND之抗體力價幾何平均（GM）值，於2005及2006年WS公雞分別為724與416；母雞分別為1,966與503；BS平均公雞為661與401；母雞為762與299；均可達良好之保護狀態。兩品系之EDS、IBD、ILT與IB則分別介於1.1～147.0、5330～13915、7～174與4,248～5,341之間。IBD及ILT於2006年平均有較2005年高之趨勢，然ILT之變異較大，顯示個體之間仍有很大之差異，至於2005年品系雛白痢於2005年10週齡時陽性檢出率偏高，分別為WS30.77%，BS12.54%，經篩除後於20週齡之陽性檢出率則降低為10.4%與4.87%。於2006年檢測結果WS第一批次平均3.03%，第二批次平均7.69%，BS兩批次則均無陽性檢出，與去年度比較已有降低之趨勢但仍須繼續篩檢清除。

關鍵字

白羽烏骨雞 ； 黑羽烏骨雞 ； 絨毛檢測 ； 血清抗體力價 ； 雛白痢

並列摘要

The purpose of this study is to investigate the health status of White Silkie (WS) and Black Silkie (BS) breeds kept at the Livestock Research Institute (LRI) in order to establish the minimum disease flocks. A total of 253 hatched chicks in 2005 and 219 hatched chicks in 2006 were used in this experiment. The bacterial counts of chick down at hatch were measured. Body weight at hatch, 10 and 20 weeks of age were determined. Blood samples were collected at 20 weeks of age to detect antibody response to Pullorum disease (PD) and determine the antibody titer of Newcastle disease (ND), egg drop syndrome (EDS), infectious bursal disease (IBD), infectious laryngotracheitis (ILT) and infectious bronchitis (IB). The results indicated that body weight of hatching chicks in 2005 and 2006 were 26.8 ± 0.4 and 28.7 ± 0.3 g for the WS; 30.1 ± 0.2 and 32.3 ± 0.5 g for the BS, respectively. The bacterial population per gram of down were among 2.60 and 4.27 (log), of which the mean was 3.88 in 2005 and 3.31 in 2006. It indicated that more attention to the disinfection of hatchery was still needed. Body weight of WS and BS at 20 weeks of age were 1,118 ± 25 and 1,284 ± 13 g in 2005 and 1,239 ± 14 and 1,406 ± 22 g in 2006, respectively. The body weight of Black Silkie chicken line was significantly higher at hatch, 10 and 20 weeks of age than that of White Silkie line (P ＜ 0.05). Under the vaccination program, the ND geometric mean (GM) antibody titers of WS in 2005 and 2006 were 724 and 416 for males; 1,966 and 503 for females, respectively. Those of BS in 2005 and 2006 were 661 and 401 for males; 762 and 299 for females, respectively. Antibody titers of WS and BS in EDS, IBD, ILT and IB were between 1.1-147.0, 5,330-13,915, 7-174 and 4,248-5,341, respectively. IBD and ILT titers in 2006 were higher than those in 2005. More variation was found in EDS and ILT for both lines. The positive rate of PD detected at 10 weeks of age in 2005 were 30.77 % in WS and 12.54 % in BS. After screening the positive chicken, positive rate of PD of WS and BS at 20 weeks of age was reduced to 10.41 and 4.87%, respectively. The first and the second batches of WS in 2006 were 3.03% and 7.69%, respectively. No positive reaction of PD was found in BS. After culling, positive reaction of PD has been decreased as compared with those in 2005. Further screening is still needed to supply the minimum disease breeding flocks.

並列關鍵字

White Silkie ； Black Silkie ； Serum antibody titer ； Pullorum disease ； Growth performance