種母土雞飼養方式之探討

本試驗旨在建立適合種母土雞之整期飼養方式。供試雞隻選用畜產試驗所育成之畜試土雞台畜母十二號243隻。採3×3複因子試驗，即育成期（7～18週齡）與產蛋期（19～82週齡）各三種飼料餵飼量，育成期為任飼、任飼採食量的85%及70%，產蛋期為任飼、任飼採食量的92%及85%，育成期給予自然光照，水採自由飲食，雞隻於19週齡上籠，並改餵產蛋期飼料，水採自由飲食，並給予13小時光照，以後每週增加光照30分鐘，至光照時間15小時30分鐘止，每處理三重複，每組27隻，計243隻，試驗至82週齡結束。本試驗以至5％產蛋率日齡之飼料消耗量、全部雞隻進入初產所需日數、蛋重在36g以下之產蛋週數、隻舍產蛋率、蛋重、蛋殼品質、受精率、孵化率、產雛數、雛雞重及產雛飼料利用效率等主要繁殖性狀為評估指標。結果顯示，除飼料總消耗量、蛋重、蛋黃重、最終體重、受精率、總蛋數孵化率、產雛數、雛雞重及產雛飼料轉換率於育成期飼料餵飼量與產蛋期飼料餵飼量間，具顯著（P＜0.05）之交感作用外，其餘之性狀則不具顯著交感作用。畜試土雞台畜母十二號之飼養方式，以育成期採用任飼採食量的70%，組合產蛋期採用任飼採食量的92％或育成期及產蛋期皆採用任飼採食量的85%之組合有較佳之繁殖表現。

關鍵字

種母土雞；飼養方式；繁殖性能

並列摘要

The purpose of this experiment was to study the effect of different feeding programs on the reproductive performance of LRI native chicken, Taishi Female No. 12. A 3×3 factorial experiment was used with three feed intake levels (ad libitum, 85% and 70% of ad libitum consumption) during growing period (from posthatch to 18 weeks of age) and three feed intake levels (ad libitum, 92% and 85% of ad libitum consumption) during laying period (from 19 to 82 weeks of age ). A total of two hundred forty-three female Taiwan country chicken breeders at one day of age were used. Twenty-seven pullets in each treatment group were allocated into three replicates. Water was supplied ad libitum, and natural light was provided during growing period. At 19 weeks of age, the birds were reared in cage and feed was changed into layer diet. Water was supplied ad libitum. Incandescent light was provided 13 hours per day, which was stepwisely increased by 30 minutes each week to reach a total photoperiod of 15 hours 30 minutes. The experiment was terminated at 82 weeks of age. Feed consumed from 1 day old to 5% egg production, days required by these pullets to reach laying, weeks required for egg weight reach 36 grams, hen-house egg production, egg weight, shell quality, fertility, hatchability, feed conversion ratio, hatched live chick weight, and chick production rates were used as the criteria for determining the feeding regimes of female Taiwan country chicken breeders. The results indicated that Taishi Female No. 12 birds fed with 70% ad libitum consumption during growing period in combination with 92% ad libitum feed consumption during laying period had better reproductive performance and those fed with 85% ad libitum consumption during growing and laying period had better reproductive performance as compared with other combination groups. Significant interaction (P ＜ 0.05) was found between feed intake levels in growing and laying period on the egg weight of first egg, gain weight, body weight at 82 weeks of age, egg weight, yolk weight, fertility, total egg hatchability, chicks production rate, chick weight, and feed per chick.

並列關鍵字

Female Taiwan country breeders ； Feeding regimens ； Reproductive performance

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