餵飼高纖維飼糧對肥育期黑豬之生長性能、屠體性狀、屠肉滴水失重及蒸煮失重之影響

Effects of high fiber diet on growth performances, carcass traits, meat drip loss and cooking loss in finishing black pigs

林正鏞(Cheng-Yung Lin) ； 王漢昇(Han-Sheng Wang) ； 黃憲榮(Hsien-Juang Huang) ； 張以恆(I- Heng Chang) ； 張伸彰(Shen-Chang Chang) ； 李秀蘭(Hsiu-Lan Lee)

《畜產研究》 51卷4期 (2018/12) Pp. 224-233

摘要

本研究旨在探討肥育期黑豬餵飼高纖維飼糧對生長性能、血液生化值、屠體性狀、屠肉滴水失重及蒸煮失重之影響。試驗選用32頭平均體重57.8 kg之雜交黑豬（含25%梅山豬及75%杜洛克），閹公豬及女豬各半，逢機分置於對照飼糧組及高纖維飼糧組（粗纖維分別為3%及14%），每處理四重複，每重複4頭，試驗期間飼料及飲水採任食，試驗至體重達117 kg時結束。試驗結束後每組採血及犧牲12頭進行血液生化值及屠體性狀測定。結果顯示，餵飼高纖維飼糧組之日增重（0.50 kg vs. 0.70 kg）及飼料轉換率（3.90 vs. 2.87）顯著（P ＜ 0.05）較差，上市日齡（120.58day vs.87.08 day）顯著（P ＜ 0.05）延長；血漿三酸甘油酯（40.25 mg/dL vs. 30.17 mg/dL）濃度與澱粉酶（1,726.10 U/L vs.1,239.70 U/L）及丙胺酸轉胺酶（43.58 U/L vs. 36.17 U/L）活性較高（P ＜ 0.05）；血漿尿素氮（7.43 mg/dL vs. 11.25 mg/dL）與白蛋白（3.54 mg/dL vs. 3.81 mg/dL）濃度較低（P ＜ 0.05）；屠宰率（84.64% vs. 87.33%）、背脂厚度（2.08 cm vs. 2.65cm）與脂肪比例（13.53% vs. 15.34%）較低（P ＜ 0.05）﹔骨骼比例（16.58% vs. 15.42%）屠後24小時之屠肉pH值（6.08vs. 5.88）與溫度（5.08℃ vs.3.47℃）及蒸煮失重（30.89% vs. 27.79%）顯著較高（P ＜ 0.05），屠體分級（2.88 vs. 3.25）則較好（P ＜ 0.05）。綜合本試驗之結果顯示，肥育期黑豬餵飼14%粗纖維飼糧，雖可提升屠體等級與降低背脂厚度，但生長性能（日增重、飼料轉換率及上市日齡）、屠宰率及蒸煮失重顯著變差，且可能對肝臟與胰臟功能造成危害。

關鍵字

高纖維飼糧 ； 黑豬 ； 生長性能 ； 屠體性狀 ； 屠肉蒸煮失重

並列摘要

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of dietary high fiber on growth performances, blood biochemical traits, carcass characteristics, meat drip loss and cooking loss of finisher black pigs. A total of thirty two (16 barrows and 16 gilts) crossbred pigs (25% Meishan × 75% Duroc) with an average body weight (BW) of 57.8 kg, were randomly divided into two groups which fed the control and high fiber diet. The crude fiber levels in diets were 3% and 14%. Pigs were allocated into quadruplicate with 4 pigs in each pen. Water and feed were provided ad libitum. Experiment was ended when pigs reach BW 117 kg. 12 pigs from each group were phlebotomized and sacrificed for further analysis. The results showed that, the daily weight gain and feed conversion rate were significantly (P ＜ 0.05) poorer and the age to market was significantly (P ＜ 0.05) prolonged in high fiber diet group. In blood biochemical traits, the concentration of plasma triglyceride and activity of amylase and alanine aminotransferase were significantly (P ＜ 0.05) higher whereas the concentration of blood urea nitrogen and albumin were significantly (P ＜ 0.05) lower in high fiber diet group. The dressing percentage, backfat thickness and fat percentage were significantly (P ＜ 0.05) decreased and bone ratio was significantly (P ＜ 0.05) increased in high fiber diet group than control group. The carcass quality grading was elevated (P ＜ 0.05) in high fiber diet group. In addition, the pH and temperature of meat at 24 hr postmortem and cooking loss were significantly (P ＜ 0.05) lower in control group than those of high fiber diet group. The results showed that feeding the finisher black pigs with high fiber diet decreased backfat thickness and increased carcass quality grading. However, it had negative effect on the growth performances, dressing percentage, cooking loss of meat and function of liver and pancreas.

並列關鍵字

High fiber diet ； Black pigs ； Growth performances ； Carcass characteristics ； Meat cooking loss