中國監察體制改革研究：從監察委員會的設立到監察官制度的實行

2017年10月18日，中共十九大報告指出，深化國家監察體制改革，將試點工作在全國推開；制定國家監察法，依法賦予監察委員會職責權限和調查手段，用留置取代兩規措施，這是中國共產黨對國家監察體制改革的政治宣示。事實上，在中共十九大後監察體制改革的重點之一，就是健全國家監察機構的組織架構，設立國家和地方各級監察委員會，實行監察官制度，形成全面覆蓋的國家機關及其公務員的國家監察體系。到目前為止，中國國家監察體制改革已經初步取得成效，相關的配套措施，必須盡快落實，讓改革的成果可以真正實現。不過，法治的精神，即不論想做甚麼，一定要有充分的理由和根據，而依法治國的精神，更是強調監察委員會的一切所為，都應該依法行政，遵循法律規定的要求。因此，國家監察體制改革，既要關注權力的配置，更要關注權利的保障，監察官執行任務時，更是不能忽視人權的保障。

關鍵字

依法治國；監察體制改革；監察委員會；監察官；調查權

並列摘要

On October 18, 2017, the report of the 19th National Congress presented the political declaration of the CPC regarding reform of the national supervisory system, including deepening reform of the national supervisory system and advancing pilot works throughout the country, formulating national supervisory laws, giving the supervisory committee the responsibility and authority to investigate means according to the law and replacing the two measures with lien. One of the key points of the supervisory system reform after the 19th National Congress of the CPC was to improve the organizational structure of national supervisory institutions, set up national and local supervisory committees at all levels, implement a system of supervisors and form a national supervisory system that comprehensively covers state organs and their civil servants. Thus far, China's national supervisory system reform has achieved initial results. Relevant supporting measures should be implemented as soon as possible to achieve the results of the supervisory system reform. However, according to the spirit of the rule of law, all actions must have sufficient reasons and bases. Moreover, the spirit of the rule of law emphasises that all supervisory committee actions should be administrated according to and comply with the requirements of the law. Therefore, reform of the national supervisory system should not only pay attention to the allocation of power but also to the protection of rights. Supervisors should guarantee the protection of human rights when performing their tasks.