彌陀淨土法門初探

A Preliminary Study of the Amitābha Pure Land

伍先林(WU Xianlin)

《眾力莊嚴．一佛圓滿——人間淨土與彌陀淨土》 2017年(上冊) (2017/12) Pp. 477-493

摘要

在大乘佛教關於彌陀淨土的經典看來，阿彌陀佛本願功德成就的西方極樂淨土作為大乘佛教悲智圓滿精神的象徵，最為具體而充分地體現了大乘佛教濟度眾生的精神。彌陀淨土法門雖然立足于西方極樂淨土，偏重於命終之後往生西方淨土，在西方淨土成就無上菩提，而且彌陀淨土法門將彌陀濟度眾生的本願功德推到極致，認為即使是罪惡凡夫眾生，只要在命終之時聽聞和信受彌陀淨土法門，命終之後也可以往生西方淨土。但彌陀淨土法門也不廢現世人生，而是認為對於普通一般的凡夫眾生來說，主張要在現世人間中遵循和修行濟世度人的淨業三福行，這樣才能更為接近而方便地與阿彌陀佛濟度眾生的本願功德相應。而且彌陀淨土法門認為，對於淨業行人來說，其現世人間的行業最終決定了往生品位的高下。以信仰彌陀本願他力功德和稱名念佛為重要特徵的中國淨土宗實際創始人是唐代的善導和尚。

關鍵字

西方淨土 ； 命終往生 ； 本願功德 ； 稱名念佛 ； 淨業三福 ； 現世行業濟世度人

並列摘要

Seen from the scriptures of Amitābha's Pure Land, the merits of Amitābha's Original Vows created the Western Pure Land as a symbol of the Mahayana perfect spirit of compassion and wisdom as well as the Mahayana spirit of saving sentient beings. Amitābha's Pure Land teaching aims at a rebirth in the Western Pure Land, promoting on the idea of rebirth in the Western Pure Land after death and achieving the Supreme Perfection of Enlightenment right there. At the same time, this teaching emphasizes the merits of Amitābha's compassion for saving sentient beings, believing that even those who commited hidous crimes could be reborn in the land as long as they like and accept Amitābha's Pure Land teaching. Yet Amitābha's teaching does neglect this life in this world. It advises ordinary people that they should practice the pure deeds of three fortunes so that they could be in line with and benefiting from the merits of Abmitabha's Original Vows. Furthermore, according to Amitābha's Pure Land teaching, for those who do practice the three fortune pure deeds their level of rebirth in the Pure Land is decided by their pure deeds. The very person who founded the belief that people could get reborn in the Western Pure Land by relying on the merits of Amitābha's Original Vows and on the practice of reciting Amitābha's name was founder of the Chinese Pure Land School, venerable Shandao of the Tang Dynasty.

並列關鍵字

Western Pure Land ； Rebirth in the Amitābha's Pure Land ； Merits of the Original Vows ； Reciting the Buddha's Name ； the Three Fortunes of the Pure Land Practice