兩岸技職教育改革政策比較及啟示

A Comparison of the Reform Policies on Technical and Vocational Education between Taiwan and Mainland China and its Implications

張國保(Chang, Kuo-Pao) ； 王娜玲(Wang, No-Ling)

《台灣教育研究期刊》 2卷2期 (2021/03) Pp. 259-284

摘要

臺灣缺乏天然資源必須仰賴優質人才，而大陸正經濟崛起亟需專業技術人力，因而技術與職業教育已成為當前兩岸教育政策上都非常關切的焦點與議題。《技術及職業教育政策綱領》、《國家職業教育改革實施方案》是臺灣與大陸有關技術及職業教育最新的重要政策文件之一，其內容反映出兩岸目前技術及職業教育改革的重點與未來的趨勢。本研究分析這兩份政策文件的背景、主要目標與措施，以比較研究法歸納出兩岸之技職教育政策共同點有：終身教育、產學合一、業界專業雙師、創新發展等四個重點。而兩岸技職教育政策發展差異之處：臺灣強調素養導向的職業試探教育；大陸則有多元的校企合作、學分銀行和保障措施。本研究據以歸納提出對臺灣技職教育發展的五個啟示，作為我國推動技職教育政策改革與規劃的參考。

關鍵字

技職教育 ； 終身教育 ； 產學合一 ； 創新發展

並列摘要

The Technical and Vocational Education Policy Guidelines and the National Plan for Implementation of Vocational Education Reform are the latest policy documents related to technical and vocational education in Taiwan and Mainland China, and their contents reflect the future trend of technical and vocational education reforms across the Taiwan Strait. This study has analyzed the background, main objectives, and measures of the two policy documents, and identified four common points, namely lifelong education, integration of industry and academia, double-qualified teachers, and innovative development. For the differences between the two sides of the strait, Taiwan has competency-oriented career exploration education, while Mainland China has school-enterprise collaboration, school credit banks, and guarantee measures. Finally, five suggestions are put forward as a reference for policy planning.

並列關鍵字

Technical and Vocational Education ； industry-education collaboration ； Lifelong Education ； innovative development