滯洪壩不同形狀開口之水理因子探討

目前一般常見之滯洪壩開口形式有矩形開口及圓形開口兩種，但由於兩者之水理特性並不相同，所達到之滯洪效益也有所差別。本研究是以模擬演算方式，由假設集水區資料及配合波爾斯演算法得到不同開口型式及開口大小下之出流歷線，並得到下列主要結論：滯洪壩對洪峰到達時間之遲滯比洪峰量之削減影響較難應用於減洪設計。將不同開口型式之滯洪壩做水位高與底面積關係圖，再配合代表出流洪峰流量之曲線時則可以得到相同底面積之最小蓄水體積之設計。在洪峰以及入、出流洪峰流量比相同時，圓形開口滯洪壩所需之蓄水體積會比矩形開口者來得小。

關鍵字

滯洪壩；矩形開口；圓形開口

並列摘要

There are two types of opening, rectangular and orifice openings, used frequently in detention dam recently. The hydraulic characteristics of these two openings are different so that those effects on flood detention are not the same. This study used Puls Method simulating a watershed to get series of outflow hydrographs on different openings, opening sizes and location areas. And, the principal results were got as followings. The effect of elongating time lag of arriving time of peak flow of detention dam could not easily used in flood-mitigation design but curtail the flood discharge. Drawing the relationship of water depth and location area for different openings, associated with restricted outflow discharge, would get the smallest designed storage volume of detention dam. As the same flood volume as well as the ratio of inflow and outflow, the storage volume of orifice opening would be smaller than that of rectangular one.

並列關鍵字

Detention dam ； Rectangular opening ； Orifice opening

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