台灣水權之演進

本文針對台灣水權演進之過程，做一簡單的歷史引證描述。灌溉用水一直扮演台灣水權演進之主要的角色，包括（1）在滿清時代以前（1683以前），（2）滿清時代（1683－1895），（3）日據時代（1896－1945），（4）台灣光復後至依據水利法辦理水權補行登記限期屆滿止（1945－1953），（5）水權補行登記限期屆滿至今（1954起）。水權從滿清時代前之河濱岸權開始萌芽，滿清時代修正河濱岸權，日據時代末期先占權開始萌芽，至台灣光復依據水利法補行登記屆滿直接確立優先先占權至今。目前，台灣水量與水質用水競用衝突已面臨新水權演進的關鍵點，其過程爲水量競用問題在先，水質競用問題在後，惟灌溉用水在此仍將扮演重要的角色。地域水資源水權觀念將在水質被重視的情況下產生，而這新水權制度仍將以優先（修正）先占權爲主幹（水量），修正河濱岸權（水質）爲輔助，並使地域之各標的用水者重視節約用水及其水資源環境保護，即珍惜、善用及善待其地域水資源，以滿足其用水需求。

關鍵字

水權；水權之演進；優先先占權；台灣

並列摘要

This article discusses the historical records of the evolution of water rights in Taiwan. Irrigation water in Taiwan plays an important role in the evolution of water rights. It includes: (1) Pre Cing Dynast (Before 1983), (2) Cing Dynast (1983-1895), (3) Japanese Occupation (1896-1945) (4) After-Restoration till completing water rights registration regulation according to Water Act (1945-1953) and, (5) Registration according to Water Act till now (After 1954). The water rights grew up from the riparian right in Pre Cing Dynast. This right was revised in the period of Cing Dynast. Another water rights, the appropriative right grew up in the last stage of Japanese Occupation. The water rights is revised appropriative rights (prior appropriative rights) till the date of completing water rights registration regulation according to Water Act. Recently, there have quantity and quality of water use competition problems. It is the right time for water rights to be revised now in Taiwan. The quantity of competition begins the problem and the quality follows, but irrigation water still plays an important role in this time. The concept of regional water resources water rights is set up when the quality been emphasized. The new doctrine of water rights will be still revised appropriative rights. The main infrastructure is prior appropriative rights (the quantity of water) and assisted by riparian rights (the quality of water). This water rights will make the water users to pay more attention to water-saving and water resources related environment protection. Then, the beneficial uses of regional water resources will be made.

並列關鍵字

Water rights ； The evolution of water rights ； Prior appropriative rights ； Taiwan

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