應用模糊德菲爾法評估疫後養老機構生活環境改善指標

新型冠狀病毒肺炎（COVID-19）引發的疫情已經蔓延到世界各地，WHO統計至2021年12月底已有近二億八千一百餘萬人感染，並造成有近五百餘萬人死亡，在疫情期間當政策執行種種多元的限制措施，例如社交隔離、防疫隔離等，使人心理產生孤獨感，以及對健康的焦慮、壓力，經濟的下滑，造成人們心理健康和幸福感的傷害。有研究指出感染COVID-19之高齡者或有潛在系統性慢性疾病之患者，包含患有心血管疾病、糖尿病、高血壓、慢性肺病、癌症、慢性腎臟病、免疫功能低下的病患等，為易發生嚴重併發症的潛在危險因素族群，而住在養老機構之住民通常屬此族群，在此病毒流行且尚未完全有效控制之際，養老機構須找出居住環境改善之因應對策。本研究透過專家問卷，以模糊德爾菲法篩選出合適的評估因素指標，提供疫後養老機構改善之評估指標。研究結果顯示，經過模糊德爾菲法篩選，可將疫後養老機構生活環境改善指標分為三個評估層級：「硬體設備層面」、「社會支持層面」、「居住環境層面」，合計有15項影響因素，其中「社會支持層面」在疫後養老機構生活環境改善中扮演較重要的項目，影響因素中則以「WaCare新型冠狀病毒衛教知識平台及App」、「採居家遠距運動或復能課程」、「以戶外安全距離探視親友」、「採網路視訊關懷心靈或宗教支持」及「智慧照明開關」等五項較為重要。

關鍵字

新型冠狀病毒肺炎；養老機構；模糊德爾菲法

並列摘要

The new type of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has spread around the world, with nearly 281 million people infected and nearly 5 million deaths by the end of December 2021, according to the WHO. In addition, the economic downturn in the country's economy has taken a toll on people's mental health and well-being. According to some studies, elderly people infected with COVID-19 or patients with underlying chronic diseases, including cardiovascular disease, diabetes, hypertension, chronic lung disease, cancer, chronic kidney disease, immunocompromised patients, etc., are potential risk factors for serious complications, and residents living in elderly facilities usually belong to this group. In this study, we propose to use expert questionnaires to screen out appropriate evaluation factors and indicators by the fuzzy Delphi method to provide evaluation indicators for the improvement of nursing institutions after the epidemic. This study was conducted to select appropriate evaluation indicators through expert questionnaires. The results of this study showed that, after the fuzzy Delphi method screening, the indicators for improving the living environment of post-epidemic elderly institutions could be divided into three levels of assessment: ＂hardware and equipment level,＂＂social support level,＂ and ＂living environment level,＂ with a total of 15 influencing factors, among which the social support level plays a more important role in improving the living environment of post-epidemic elderly institutions. Among these factors, ＂WaCare's new health education knowledge platform and app,＂＂Adoption of tele-exercise or rehabilitation courses at home,＂＂Visiting relatives and friends at a safe distance,＂＂Adoption of online video care for spiritual or religious support,＂ and ＂Smart lighting switch＂ are the five most important ones.

並列關鍵字

COVID-19 ； nursing center ； Fuzzy Delphi Method

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