一个南洋客家历史社区的维系模式──越南土龙木市客家“帮会”的过去与现在

观察土龙木市客家社群历史以来的集体社会生活模式，可见自南越阮朝以来，华人便有的商帮、船帮概念，并以结“帮”模式，形成甚至包括原来非客家人的跨府县共同体。以客家人为主，又是以客家名义的“帮”，又是通过与其他各帮拉帮结社，依靠经营天后宫凝聚华人共同精神，形成当地的“会”维持内部公共事务。在天后宫设立“七府公所”，就是为了保护客家帮和其他三帮各自应有的利益，又是作为四帮成“会”的公开机构，处理土龙木省境内华人内部秩序、共同福利与对外交涉。当地客家人自20世纪上半叶，在本土层面以外出现“崇正人”的说法，表现着土龙木客家群体除了在乎当地四帮联合发展经济民生，也在跨港市层面上追求在地方群体在亚洲商贸发展的定位。

關鍵字

四帮；七府公所；天后宫；崇正

並列摘要

From observing the historical development of the Hakka community in Vietnam and their collective social lifestyle, the concept of merchant Institutionalized Communities and boat Institutionalized Communities, which were formed in the form of "Institutionalized Communities", have been used by the Chinese community to form Institutionalized communities across provinces and counties, including those that were not originally Hakka. At the same time, they allied with other Institutionalized Communities, and through the operation of the Thean Hou Temple, they were able to gather a common spirit and form a "society" to maintain internal public affairs and collective opinions. The office set up by establishing the Thean Hou Temple as a focal centre was called the "Seven Counties Commonwealth Town Hall", which safeguarded the respective interests of the Hakka associates and the other three Chinese- origined counties' associates, and acted as a public body, dealing with the internal order, common welfare and external relations of the Chinese in Tp.Thủ Dầu Một. In the first half of the 20th century, the term "Chongzhengren" emerged, indicating that the local Hakka community was not only concerned with local economic and livelihood cooperation among the four ecological associations, but was also pursuing trade development and self-positioning at the trans Hong Kong level in Asia.

並列關鍵字

Institutionalized Communities ； Seven Prefectures Property ； Thean Hou Temple ； Chongzheng

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