城鄉辯證、倫理情愛糾葛與悲喜交織 －論王禎和的小說與劇本

Dialectics Between Town and Country, Imbroglio of Ethics and Love, Intermingling of Ridicule and Absurdity– A Thesis on Wang Jen He's Novels and Scripts

吳明珊(Ming-Shan Wu)

指導教授 ： 柯慶明

國立臺灣大學/文學院/台灣文學研究所/碩士(2010年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU.2010.10008

摘要

本論文旨在探究王禎和小說與劇本中城鄉辯證、道德情愛糾葛的議題，以及悲喜交織的藝術手法。
王禎和除了是花蓮地域書寫的創作家，亦是擅長刻畫台北都會浮世繪的能手；王禎和的鄉土作家的指稱，應不只侷限於花蓮、或鄉村；應廣含這塊土地上的人事物。與其說是簡單「鄉土主義作家」，不如說也深刻反思國家意識、民族認同的本土作家。作品中人物游移於城鄉，透露對於現代性的妥協與接納。他顛覆傳統鄉土文學中「城市人欺負鄉下人一貫悲情」，也逆轉了「城鄉對立」的思維，展現城鄉交融的可能。
其次，作品傳達了傳統禮教的鬆動，倫常序位更動，男女、婆媳權力變動外，現代家庭結構的崩解，以及特殊情境下，非婚同居的可能。此外，從質疑到肯定女性命運主導性的追求，更能以包容、尊重的開放性態度，超越傳統父權的「貞操節烈」觀。面對傳統倫理難以解決的人生特殊情境、高度離散的社會，王禎和具有深刻的「文化反思」。
再者，本文企圖析解作家的藝術手法，他採取悲憫嘲弄、批判諷刺、詼諧自嘲的立場寫作，運用特殊書寫風格如敘事者介入與敘事觀點轉換、圖像符號的大膽實驗，模擬語言的諧趣，情境的對比、人物的醜化、不協調，以喜劇的手法呈現人生悲境，展現「悲喜」交織的美感經驗。

關鍵字

王禎和 ； 現代小說 ； 劇本 ； 城鄉 ； 情愛 ； 悲喜

並列摘要

This study aimed to investigate the issues of rural-urban dialectics and imbroglio of love and morality, and the artistic approach of the intermingling of ridicule and absurdity in Wang Chen-Ho’s novels and scripts.
In addition to being a writer of Hualien local writing, he also was good at depicting Taipei’s urban culture. His title as a rural writer should not just limit to Hualien or countryside; it also included the things and people on this land. He is more a local writer reflecting on the national consciousness and ethnic identity than just a pure “writer of regionalism”. The characters in his works moved between rural and urban areas, and this revealed the compromise and acceptance to the modernization. He not only overthrew the “sadness that urban people bully rustic” in the traditional rural literature but also reversed the thinking of “rural-urban opposition”, showing the possibility of rural-urban intercommunication.
Secondly, his works conveyed the loosening of the traditional morality, the change of ethical order, the shift of the power between male and female and between mother-in-law and daughter-in-law, the disintegration of the modern family structure, and the possibility of nonmarital cohabitation under some circumstances. Besides, he also expressed the recognition that females’ pursuit of their dominance on destiny; moreover, he held the open attitude of tolerance and respect and had the viewpoint transcending the traditional patriarchal view --“chastity”. Facing the special situations difficult to be resolved by the traditional ethics and the society of great disintegration.
This study attempted to analyze the writer’s artistic approach: he took the stand of pity and mock, criticism and irony, and humorous self-parody to write, utilized special writing styles such as the intervention of the narrator, and the shift of narrative view, visual symbol, the simulation of the humor of language, the contrast of situation, the uglification of characters, and disharmony; he used the comedic approach to present the sadness in life and the aesthetic experience of the intermingling of ridicule and absurdity.

並列關鍵字

Wang Chen-Ho ； Modern Novel ； Script ； Rural-Urban Area ； Love ； Ridicule and Absurdity

參考文獻

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尉天驄《鄉土文學論集》（尉天驄自印，1978）。

顏元叔《社會寫實文學與其他》（台北：巨流，1978）。

朱偉誠，〈國族寓言霸權下的同志國：當代台灣文學中的同性戀與國家〉，《中外文學》，第36卷第1期，2007年3月，頁67∼108。

鄭恆雄〈論王禎和《美人圖》的意圖和文學效果〉《中外文學》第19卷，第9期，1991年，頁10∼31。