「二線城市」的襲產之用與不用—— 以新竹監獄官宿舍群保存再利用過程為例

The Use of Heritage in ‘‘Second-Tier Cities’’? A Case Study of the Settlement of Hsinchu Prison

王昱鈞(YU-CHUN WANG)

指導教授 ： 黃舒楣

國立臺灣大學/工學院/建築與城鄉研究所/碩士(2020年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU202100766

摘要

新竹少年刑務所官宿舍群，作為新竹少年刑務所附屬設施一同建成於日治後期1940年代。戰後國民政府來台，新竹少年刑務所經數次改制為內政部矯正署新竹監獄(簡稱竹監)，持續作為服役中的監禁設施。竹監旁的官宿舍一併承接使用至2006年，國產署收回產權。2012年竹監提出遷建計畫，預計騰空官宿舍群的建築體，進行全區拆除。新竹市政府也起意提出「新竹監獄暨中正棒球場週邊地區更新案」，意圖將此基地作為都市更新基地。竹監官宿舍群面臨拆除危機，導致官宿舍群襲產保存行動發生。2013年一月，官宿舍群全區提報登錄為歷史建築，此後自2013至2019年，管理單位新竹市文化局，遲遲未能提出合適的修繕及再利用規劃。
本研究以文化治理觀點探討官宿舍群的尷尬處境，將宿舍群視為文化治理的施行場域。解構場域中的政治經濟運作與權力結構，地方政府作為場域中的權力方，能選擇性的使用襲產空間作為空間實踐策略。能提供歷史風味的空間消費需求、城市競爭的文化資本等等具價值的襲產，成為被優先規劃使用的區域。其他難以提供資本積累價值的襲產空間，則被持續邊緣化無法得到合適的使用規劃。
襲產保存運動作為場域中的對抗力量，面對拆除的壓力，選擇以爭取文資法的制度身份，作為保存襲產實體空間的手段。保存運動雖成功爭取官宿舍群的實體空間保存，卻未能提出民間版的再利用計畫。在空間再利用與經營階段，動能逐漸裂解，失去空間使用的主控權。
分析新竹監獄官宿舍群的保存經驗，本研究指出在文化治理場域中，保存運動者過於依賴襲產制度工具，反而容易失去空間使用的主導性。襲產制度也提供地方政府更多的主權，策略性的使用或不用襲產空間來達成治理目的。保存運動者與地方政府，在場域中共構而成社會結構型態，使襲產使用更為商品化與資本化，成為地方治理中優雅的「造橋鋪路」。

關鍵字

文化襲產 ； 文化治理 ； 資本化 ； 新竹少年刑務所 ； 日式宿舍

並列摘要

Settlement of Hsinchu Prison was completed in 1940s with Hsinchu Juvenile Prison. After WWII, the R. O. C government came to Taiwan. Hsinchu Juvenile Prison was undergoing several systematic changes to become Hsinchu Prison, Agency of Corrections. It continued to be used as a prison facility in service. Not until 2006, National Property Administration retrieved property of Settlement. Hsinchu Prison Administration proposed relocation plan of Prison, expected to clear the settlement buildings and returned them to National Property Administration. Hsinchu city government proposed “Plan of Urban Renewal for Hsinchu Prison and Area Around Chiang Kai-shek Baseball Stadium” in order to transform the area of settlement into Urban Renewal Base. Settlement of Hsinchu Prison’s dismantling crisis resulted from Preservation Movement. Afterwards, settlement was reported as historic building. However, Cultural Affairs Bureau of Hsinchu City didn’t have any repairing or reusing plan for settlement since from 2013 to 2019.

Face the awkward situation of Settlement. This study uses the opinion of “Culture governance”, the Settlement group is regarded as a culture governance action field. This study deconstructs Political Economy and Power Structure in the Field. The local government is the power party, can selectively use or non-use heritage to space practice strategy. The heritage consumes for historical flavor, become the cultural capital for urban competitiveness. Local government will use first. The others are difficult to provide the value of capital accumulation, which are marginalized continuously. There has not been any effective plan proposed for the adaptive reuse of the prison settlement. Heritage preservation campaign is opposition party in the field. Face the pressure of settlement removes. They choose to contest identity in Cultural Heritage Preservation for protecting the building in settlement group. Although the campaign is success, hasn’t presented to the adaptive-reuse planning by folk. In the process of heritage reuse and management., they miss the power.

Base on the experience of Settlement of Hsinchu Prison preservation campaign, this research proposes people in campaign rely heritage Preservation too much. They will miss the leading in the field. Heritage Preservation provides more sovereignty for local governments, use or not use heritage for governance purposes in strategic. Preservation campaign and Local government co-constructs social structure, which make heritage to commercialization and capitalization. Heritage, to many, seems to be instrumentalized and made as an alternative path to development.

並列關鍵字

Heritage ； culture governance ； capitalized ； Hsinchu Prison ； Japanese settlement

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