蚊蟲忌避劑之篩選及研究

Screening and Research of Mosquito Repellents

許渭鑫(Wey-Shin Hsu)

指導教授 ： 顏瑞泓 ； 王一雄

國立臺灣大學/生物資源暨農學院/農業化學研究所/博士(2013年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU.2013.00159

摘要

蚊類媒介多種傳染病如登革熱及黃熱病，是病蟲害防制的主要對象，數種農藥被用以控制蚊類族群。由於過度頻繁地使用農藥，多種蚊類可能已產生抗藥性。本研究利用Y型管嗅覺計及風洞系統檢驗數種忌避劑、植物精油並篩選特定組成配方用以對抗埃及斑蚊 (Aedes aegypti) 及白線斑蚊 (Aedes albopictus)。結果顯示香冠柏 (Goldcrest, Cupressus macroglossus Hartweg) 、台灣香茅 (Citronella grass, Cymbopogon nardus) 及月桂烯 (Myrcene) 在高施用濃度 (400 mL L-1，相當於400 μL) 可降低活化反應 (Active response)，顯示可抑制蚊類寄主搜尋行為的活化；台灣香茅、檸檬香茅 (Lemon grass, Cymbopogon citratus) 及檸檬醛 (Citral) 、月桂烯也影響氣味反應 (Treatment response)，顯示可干擾蚊類寄主搜尋行為的反應。進一步使用檸檬醛、月桂烯及香茅醛 (Citronellal) 以 6:4:1製成配方 (C:M:Ci = 6:4:1) 具有良好抑制及影響埃及斑蚊的寄主搜尋行為：40 μL劑量下活化反應為76%、氣味反應為26%；400 μL為42.5%、18%；1000 μL為19%、23%。與待乙妥 (N,N-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide, DEET) 相比 (400 μL下為44%、22% )，調整精油配方的協同作用使之能更有效的對抗蚊類。
在風洞試驗中，發現經由精油加溫後更能有效干擾蚊蟲寄主搜尋行為，原本在嗅覺計中無明顯忌避反應的忌避物質如防蚊樹 (Mosquito plant, Pelargonium citrosa)，在低劑量下即影響埃及斑蚊及白線斑蚊的寄主搜尋行為 (25 mL L-1均著陸9次、250 mL L-1著陸4次及0次)，在風洞試驗中的忌避物質可能以不同的作用模式影響蚊類的寄主搜尋行為。

關鍵字

埃及斑蚊 ； 白線斑蚊 ； 香茅 ； 蚊蟲忌避劑 ； 風洞系統 ； Y型管嗅覺計

並列摘要

The mosquito is an epidemic vector of several diseases such as dengue fever and yellow fever. Several pesticides are used to control the mosquito population. Because of their frequent use, some mosquitoes have developed resistance. In this study, we used the Y-tube olfactometer and wind tunnel system to test several repellents, essential oils and screened specific formulas of components as repellents against Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus. At application dose 400 mL L-1, the essential oil of goldcrest (Cupressus macroglossus), citronella grass (Cymbopogon nardus) and myrcene produced a low active response by inhibiting mosquito host-seeking activity. Citronella grass, lemon grass (Cymbopogon citratus), citral and myrcene also produced a low treatment response to repellents, for more potential to affect host-seeking behavior. Furthermore, the mixture of citral, myrcene, and citronellal (C:M:Ci = 6:4:1) greatly affected and inhibited host-seeking behavior (76% active response; 26% treatment response with 40 μL; 42.5%, 18% with 400 μL; 19%, 23% with 1000 μL). As compared with the result for N,N-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide (DEET; 44%, 22% with 400 μL), adjusting the composition formulas of citronella oil had a synergistic effect, for more effective repellent against Ae. aegypti.
In wind tunnel system, warm essential oils had more potential to affect the mosquito host-seeking behavior. Mosquito plant (Pelargonium citrosa), which showed no effect to the host-seeking behavior in olfactometer, had repellent potential against Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus by low application dose (Landing 9 times both with 25 mL L-1, landing 4 times and no landing with 250 mL L-1). The result means the repellents may active with different mechanisms to affect the mosquito host-seeking behavior.

並列關鍵字

Aedes aegypti ； Aedes albopictus ； Citronella ； Mosquito repellent ； wind tunnel system ； Y-tube olfactometer

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