青少年認知衝動作業表現與其偏差行為的關係

The Relationship between Adolescent Performance in a Cognitive Impulsiveness Task andTheir Deviate Behaviors

江柏均(Po-Chun Chiang)

指導教授 ： 吳英璋

國立臺灣大學/理學院/心理學研究所/碩士(2007年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU.2007.00109

摘要

本研究嘗試以認知作業，配合生理訊號的測量，瞭解青少年的認知衝動與其偏差行為的關係。研究以國高中學生年齡，以及偏差行為的嚴重程度為界，將青少年受試者，區分為高中部分：一般組、問題組（有行為問題）、犯罪組；國中部分：一般組、問題組，並依性別變項再分開考慮。Newman與Wallace（1993）依據Gray在1987年的「探索 / 逃避學習模式」提出假設，認為衝動性較高的個體，行為促發系統強於行為抑制系統，因此會在提供酬賞的作業情境之中，出現較多假警報類型的錯誤，而非錯失類型的錯誤；在僅提供懲罰的作業情境之中，則無此現象。研究結果發現犯罪組女生在偵察作業的整體表現，顯著差於高中部分的其他各組；而可以反映出行為抑制系統強度的皮膚電傳導水準，顯著高於高中部分的其他各組，符合犯罪組女生在僅提供負向回饋的作業情境之中，假警報少於提供正向回饋作業情境的表現。但假警報較多的高中部分受試者，同樣也有皮膚電傳導水準較高的趨勢。國中部分的問題組男生，在各個情境之中的錯失率，與國中部分的其他各組沒有顯著差異，但是在提供正向回饋的情境之中，有假警報顯著多於國中部分其他各組的現象，符合假設。而假警報較多的國中部分受試者，生理訊號則與其他受試者沒有顯著差異。

關鍵字

認知衝動性 ； 偏差行為 ； 「探索 / 逃避學習模式」 ； 行為促發系統 ； 行為抑制系統 ； 心跳頻率 ； 皮膚電傳導水準

並列摘要

This study intended to understand the relationship between adolescent cognitive impulsiveness and their deviate behavior using a cognitive performance task and physiological measures. Groups were defined by the age and degree of deviate behaviors as senior teenagers: normal, behavior problem, and criminal groups, and junior teenagers: normal and behavior problem groups. We also compared the performance of male and female subjects in the same group. According Gray’s neuropsychological model of approach-avoidance learning in 1987, Newman and Wallace (1993) supposed that the behavioral activating system (BAS) was stronger than behavioral inhibiting system (BIS) in impulsive individuals. So, impulsive individuals made more false alarm errors (but not omission errors) in the task included reward, but not in the task included only punishment. Results showed that the female criminal group performed significantly poor among the senior teenagers in the detection task. And, the female criminal showed the significantly higher skin conductance level that reflected BIS activity among the senior teenagers, with fewer false alarm errors in the condition that only include negative feedback than include positive feedback as expect. But, the senior teenagers who made more false alarm errors, also had a trend of higher skin conductance level. As hypothesis, behavior problem group of junior teenagers showed significantly more false alarm among the junior teenagers in the condition that only include positive feedback, but no significant omission difference in any condition. But, there is not any significant difference between the junior teenagers who made more or less false alarm errors.

並列關鍵字

cognitive impulsiveness ； deviate behavior ； neuropsychological model of approach-avoidance learning ； behavioral activating system(BAS) ； behavioral inhibiting system(BIS) ； heart rate ； skin conductance level

參考文獻

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