油泥脫鹽及其轉製廢棄物衍生燃料技術研究

本研究分兩部份進行，包括油泥脫鹽及油泥轉製固態廢棄物衍生燃料 (另稱第五類廢棄物衍生燃料) (refused-derived fuel, RDF-5)。油泥脫鹽實驗利用蒸氣通入高重力旋轉填充床(high-gravity rotating packed bed, HGRPB)進行洗鹽。蒸氣溫度在140-220 ℃間，蒸氣通入時間為25 min 時，脫鹽效率(η)皆有60%以上。其中蒸氣溫度為140 ℃，蒸氣通入時間為25 min時，η可達78%。蒸氣可使油泥溫度上升以降低油泥的黏滯性；不過通入過多之蒸氣會使得油泥中的輕質油揮發，造成熱值下降。蒸氣溫度越高會使得蒸氣流量增加，造成油泥水分上升，增加了脫水及脫鹽的難度。故太高的蒸氣溫度除了能量消耗較多外，並不利於油泥脫鹽。實驗結果顯示，蒸氣溫度140 ℃為較適當的脫鹽蒸氣溫度。蒸氣通入時間亦為一重要影響因素，太短會導致混合不均勻。實驗結果顯示，蒸氣通入時間至少為10 min。蒸氣溫度於140-220 ℃，蒸氣通入時間10 min時，脫鹽效率已漸趨穩定，且接近25 min時的脫鹽效率。此結果顯示HGRPB能在短時間達到有效的脫鹽。本研究另以油泥為基礎之RDF (未脫鹽)以適當配比與生質廢棄物混合製成RDF-5。分析RDF-5性質，其熱值相當高。由於熱值高，尚須考慮其使用之燃燒爐所能負荷之程度，以避免爐床燒壞之可能性。在固體燃料市場需求方面，業者表示若 RDF-5價格及熱值與目前使用之燃料價格相當，會考慮將 RDF-5代替部分燃料使用。顯示業者對於燃料的接受度已不再侷限於化石燃料，只要價格與熱值可接受且硫及氯含量在限制以下，RDF及生質燃料也會是可選用的替代燃料。

關鍵字

油泥；脫鹽； RDF-5 ；高重力旋轉填充床

並列摘要

This study consists of two parts, the desalting of oil sludge and the production of refuse-derived fuel-5 (RDF-5) from oil sludge. A high-gravity rotating packed bed (HGRPB) was used for the desalting of oil sludge. Steam was injected into the HGRPB. When steam contacts the oil sludge, it transfers the heat to the oil sludge and is condensed into water, dissolving and extracting the salts from the oil sludge. The results indicate that the desalting efficiency (η) is over 60% with the steam temperature (TS) within 140-220 ℃ and steam extraction time (t) of 25 min. For example, at TS = 140 ℃ and t = 25 min, the η can reach 78%. Steam can increase the temperature of oil sludge, reducing its viscosity. However, an excess amount of steam causes the volatilization of light hydrocarbons from the oil sludge, resulting in the decrease of heating value. The flow rate of steam increases with TS. The excess steam increases the water content in oil sludge, slowing down the de-watering and retarding the extraction of salt from oil sludge. The results show that the TS at 140℃ is better than 220 ℃ for desalting. The t is also an important factor. A short t may result in incomplete mixing. At least a t of 10 min is needed. At 10 min, the η becomes stable and closes to that at 25 min, indicating that HGRPB can give efficient desalting of oil sludge in a short steam extraction time. The RDF-5 was made by adding a portion of biomass to the oil sludge based solid fuel (un-desalted). According to the analysis of RDF-5 made, the heating value is quite high. Therefore, it is vital to consider the heat loading of burner, in order to avoid the damage of the hearth. In the market of solid fuel, the boiler user express that if the price and heating value is close to the present fuels (fossil fuels), they are willing to partly substitute the RDF-5 for the present fuels. It means that the acceptable fuel is no longer limited to fossil fuels. As long as the price and heating value are acceptable and the chlorine and sulfur contents are under limitation, the biofuels such as biomass-based fuels are among the suitable and alternative choices.

並列關鍵字

Oil sludge ； desalting ； RDF-5 ； high-gravity rotating packed bed

參考文獻

詹志潔, 應用微波加熱法破乳化之研究, 國科會專題研究計畫成果報告, NSC82-0402-E035-070 (1994)

Aithal, U.S., T.M. Aminabhavi, S.S. ShukIa, Review Photomicroelectrochemical detoxification of hazardous materials, Journal of Hazardous Materials, 33(3), 369-400 (1993).

Chang, Y.M., C.C. Liu, C.Y. Hung, A. Hu and S.S. Chen, Change in MSW characteristics under recent management strategies in Taiwan. Waste Management, 28(12), 2443-2455 (2008).

Chen, C.M., C.H. Chang, Y.M. Yang and J.R. Maa, Comparisons of the effects of pH on the interfacial tension-lowering activity of surfactants Triton X-100 and Triton SP-190. Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 174 357-365 (2000).

Chen, J.F., Y.H. Wang, F. Guo, X.M. Wang and C. Zheng, Synthesis of Nanoparticles with Novel Technology: High-Gravity Reactive Precipitation, Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 39(4), 948-954 (2000).

國際替代計量

油泥脫鹽及其轉製廢棄物衍生燃料技術研究

全文下載

主題瀏覽