同志婚姻的論辯,包含很多對比強烈的意見。有的人認為同志婚姻合法化是道德淪喪;有的人則主張同志婚姻是基本人權。同志社群內部也有爭論,有的同志認為結婚的權利不值得追求,有的同志則認為爭取同志婚姻合法化是當前同志解放運動最重要的目標。我在這篇論文中想要回答的問題就是:在這些分歧、甚至有時候激烈、情緒化的論辯中,是否可能找到一個就台灣同志婚姻議題而言比較好的方向?一個對台灣的同志和整個社會都有利的方向? 本文的研究對象為「『台灣』的同志婚姻」,蓋我認為同志婚姻的議題與社會脈絡高度相關。在這篇論文中,我選擇從兩方面來探討同志婚姻:憲法基本權與性別研究,並將此兩種觀點的探討放在台灣脈絡下檢視,試圖找出對台灣同志婚姻議題而言較佳的方向。本文的研究方法包括了法學研究常見的文獻分析和比較法研究。另外,為探尋台灣關於同志婚姻議題的社會脈絡,我除了引用一些關於台灣社會婚姻、家庭、同志關係的實證研究資料以外,也特別採取了深度訪談的研究方法。 在分別從憲法基本權角度與性別研究角度探討同志婚姻,並將兩方面的探討放在台灣脈絡下作思考後,我提出了兩方面的法制變革主張:一方面同志婚姻應該要合法化;另一方面應該訂立適用於同志伴侶與異性戀伴侶的伴侶制度,作為介於單純同居(幾乎不生任何法律效果)與婚姻制度之間的親密關係制度選項。 雖然在本文中提出的是法制變革的主張,但法制變革並非一切,應該還要有社會文化的支持。就同志婚姻的議題而言,台灣社會有兩股力量在拉扯:一是改變的需求(包括同志伴侶的需求和多元關係選項的需求);另一則是不支持改變的、社會上多數人的傳統價值觀和信念。因此,在推動法制變革的時候,不應把結果當作唯一目標,而應該重視整個討論的過程,深化溝通和論辯,如此才有可能盡量讓法律制度與社會文化的變革同步,相輔相成。
Same-sex marriage is an issue fiercely debated. While some deem the legalization of same-sex marriage as moral degeneration, others consider its denial a violation of constitutional rights. Still others argue from the perspective of the lesbian and gay movement, debating whether legalization constitutes a benefit or an impediment to lesbian and gay liberation. Confronted with so many contrasting views, how would we find the ultimate direction in the same-sex marriage issue that best serves the interests of gay people in Taiwan and of Taiwanese society? The subject matter of this thesis is confined to same-sex marriage in Taiwan since it is an issue highly related to social contexts. I approached same-sex marriage in Taiwan from perspective of constitutional rights and gender studies, employing methodologies such as literature analysis and comparative legal perspective. In order to grasp the social contexts in Taiwan concerning same-sex marriage, I also interviewed several people in the lesbian and gay community, besides referring to other empirical studies. I suggest that we not only legalize same-sex marriage, but also create an institutional option concerning intimate relationships other than marriage for both same-sex and different-sex couples. However, legal reforms need social and cultural support. In response to the traditional values held by most people in contemporary Taiwanese society, we should put an emphasis on deliberation and communication in the process of legal reforms, trying to synchronize legal reforms and social change.