電動大客車動力與電能系統之匹配與評估

Matching and Evaluation of the Battery System and the Powertrain for Electric Buses

張維瑄(Wei-Shiuan Chang)

指導教授 ： 劉霆

國立臺灣大學/工學院/機械工程學研究所/碩士(2020年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU202002494

摘要

本研究以電動大客車為研究對象，純電動車的動力流為基礎，配合馬達與電池模型計算能耗、電池容量衰退程度及電池相關成本，比較不同車輛參數搭配對車輛系統的影響，進行匹配和討論。透過不同電池容量、不同馬達，並搭配變速箱減速比參數，比較匹配之結果，藉此了解動力與電能系統之匹配特性，發展出電動大客車的設計方案。本文首先參考三種馬達模型，以能耗為考量做為變速箱相關參數，再決定適合的電池與行車模型做搭配，最後採用Matlab程式建立數值模擬模型，對不同匹配進行數值模擬，討論適合電動大客車行駛狀態之匹配設計。本研究成果可以作為電動大客車以最佳能耗、電池壽命及電池相關成本為設計目標上之參考依據，所用之方法也能幫助車廠在相關設計目標設計時做使用。

關鍵字

電動大客車 ； 電池 ； 匹配設計

並列摘要

The purpose of this study is to develop a design strategy of the battery system and powertrain of electric buses by matching different vehicle variables. Main variables, like battery capacity, motor type and gearbox design coefficient are compared for different target, energy consumption, battery capacity fade and battery-related cost. First, the motor models, battery models and vehicle driving models are selected. Then, gearbox design coefficients such as numbers of gears and the gear ratio are designed by best energy consumed performance. Moreover, a mathematics simulation model written by Matlab is established to find the best matching of the variables. Finally, with the comparison of the results in the different arrangements, the best matchings of the design coefficients for particular targets are found. The results of this research can be used as a reference for the design of electric buses with the best energy consumption, battery life and battery-related costs. The methods used can also help car manufacturers in the design of related design goals.

並列關鍵字

electric bus ； battery ； matching design

參考文獻

BloombergNEF, "Electric Vehicle Sales to Fall 18% in 2020 but Long-term Prospects Remain Undimmed," 2020. 取自: https://about.bnef.com/blog/electric-vehicle-sales-to-fall-18-in-2020-but-long-term-prospects-remain-undimmed/.

C. Kobe, "2020 電動車產業年度報告出爐，今年銷量將下滑 18%," 財經新報, 2020. 取自: https://finance.technews.tw/2020/05/22/2020-ev-report-18-decline/.

V. Marano, S. Onori, Y. Guezennec, G. Rizzoni and N. Madella, "Lithium-ion batteries life estimation for plug-in hybrid electric vehicles," 2009 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference, Dearborn, MI, 2009, pp. 536-543, doi: 10.1109/VPPC.2009.5289803.

A. Millner, "Modeling Lithium Ion battery degradation in electric vehicles," 2010 IEEE Conference on Innovative Technologies for an Efficient and Reliable Electricity Supply, Waltham, MA, 2010, pp. 349-356, doi: 10.1109/CITRES.2010.5619782.

A. E. Trippe, R. Arunachala, T. Massier, A. Jossen and T. Hamacher, "Charging optimization of battery electric vehicles including cycle battery aging," IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies, Europe, Istanbul, 2014, pp. 1-6, doi: 10.1109/ISGTEurope.2014.7028735.