個人與集體效能感對利社會行為的影響：以台灣社會為例

The Impact of Individual and Collective Efficacy on Prosocial Behavior: A Study of Taiwan Society

熊逢峻(Feng-Chun Hsiung)

指導教授 ： 朱瑞玲

共同指導教授 ： 鄭伯壎(Bor-Shiuan Cheng)

國立臺灣大學/理學院/心理學研究所/碩士(2021年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU202103551

摘要

利社會行為涵蓋的層面很廣，包含助人、利他行為、志願服務及合作等，其中合作指的是群體中的成員付出自己的力量為群體貢獻，幫助群體達成目標或克服困難以增進群體福祉。在合作的脈絡下，本論文試圖從效能感的角度切入，探究利台灣社會之個人與集體效能感對利台灣社會行為傾向的影響。研究一自編利台灣社會之個人效能感、集體效能感量表與利台灣社會行為傾向（包含三個因素：社會協助、留守台灣及監督政府）量表，並以網路樣本分析個人與集體效能感對利社會行為傾向三個因素的影響。研究二採用縱貫式調查，於2020總統大選前後各施測一次，募集較大的民眾樣本，以量表、捐款、投票及實際行動參與經驗作為利社會行為的指標進行驗證，追蹤研究變項於前、後測的改變，並控制性別、年齡、教育程度、性格特質及社會認同等混淆變項，以獲得更清晰穩定之實徵證據。研究三針對利社會行為中的留守台灣，招募即將畢業的大學生及研究生為參與者，以學生們的切身選擇（未來傾向離開或留在台灣）作為指標，探討利台灣社會效能感的影響。綜合三個研究結果，發現利台灣社會之個人與集體效能感有助於民眾的利台灣社會行為，最後討論研究限制與未來研究方向。

關鍵字

個人效能感 ； 集體效能感 ； 利社會行為

並列摘要

The field of prosocial behavior is broad, including helping, altruistic behaviors, voluntary service, cooperation, among which cooperation refers to the members of the group give their own strength to contribute to the group, helping the group achieve goals or overcome difficulties in order to enhance the group’s well-being. Following the context of cooperation, this thesis tried to examine the impact of efficacy belief on Taiwanese’s pro-society behaviors. Study 1 developed the individual and collective efficacy scales, and behaviors that benefit Taiwan society (consisting of three factors: social assistance, staying in Taiwan, and supervision of the government) scale. Data were collected via the internet. The impact of efficacy belief on behaviors that benefit Taiwan society was confirmed. Study 2 adopted a longitudinal study, conducted once before and after the 2020 presidential election, and collected a larger sample of people. The scales, donations, voting, and actual participation experience were used as indicators of prosocial behavior to verify and track the research variables. Gender, age, education level, personality traits, and social identity were controlled in order to obtain clearer and more stable evidence. Study 3 focused on “stay in Taiwan” and recruited college and graduate students who were about to graduate as participants. The study examined the effect of efficacy belief on the intention of participants to leave Taiwan in the future. Combining the results of the three studies, it is found that both the individual and collective efficacy contribute to behaviors that benefit Taiwan society. Limitations and future research were discussed.

並列關鍵字

individual efficacy ； collective efficacy ； prosocial behavior

參考文獻

Bandura, A. (1977). Self-efficacy: Toward a unifying theory of behavioral change. Psychological Review, 84(2), 191-215.

主計總處（2020）：〈108 年國人赴海外工作人數統計結果〉。台北市：行政院。民110年6月10日，取自https://www.dgbas.gov.tw/public/Attachment/01217147167RLW6M7Z.pdf。

徐寒羽（2016）：〈「操之在我」或「交給政府」？──文化和大我認同對兩岸民眾政治參與傾向的影響〉。《本土心理學研究》，45，3-56。

黃囇莉（2007）：〈M型政黨 vs. 鐘型意識－台灣國族認同之意識型態及其心理基礎〉。《中華心理學刊》，49(4)，451-470。

Abramson, P. R., Aldrich, J. H. (1982). The decline of electoral participation in america. American Political Science Review, 76, 502-521.