坐到站動作中膝關節韌帶之三維有限元素分析

Three-Dimensional Finite Element Analysis of the Knee-Joint Ligament During Sit-to-Stand

耿玠瑋(Chieh-Wei Keng)

指導教授 ： 呂東武

國立臺灣大學/工學院/醫學工程學研究所/碩士(2013年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU.2013.00490

摘要

在人體許多動作，如：走路、跑步、上下樓梯、起立、坐下…等，都需要倚賴下肢；而在下肢數個關節當中，膝關節是其中活動度最大的。在進行活動的同時，膝關節的關節面會彼此滾動及滑動；此外，在膝關節周圍的肌腱、韌帶、肌肉等，則會各自附著於骨頭上旋轉及拉伸。這些組織結構間相互作用力的方向以及大小，也會隨著膝關節活動角度範圍的不同，而有系統的變化。膝關節韌帶在下肢運動時所扮演的角色是不容小覷的，膝關節韌帶除了維持關節的穩定性，還能導引股骨、脛骨間的相對運動。基於膝關節韌帶對人體的重要性，以及有限元素模型分析的高度可行性，以有限元素法分析膝關節韌帶之受力與形變情形的研究是相當值得作進一步探討的。
有限元素分析是由幾何模型、材料參數、邊界條件、負載四大主軸構成。在本研究中：膝關節骨頭的幾何資訊是由電腦斷層掃描影像而來，韌帶則是利用核磁共振影像。骨頭的材料為剛體；而膝關節韌帶的材料參數則是參照實驗的結果及文獻。邊界條件運用的是骨頭的運動學資料。負載的部分採用「位法」的概念，模擬出活體或試體膝關節在實驗時受力的狀況。
本研究在經過實驗與模擬之後，將呈現「坐到站」動作下，受試者韌帶之受力、長度變化以及其應力、應變分布情形，四者與膝關節彎曲角度變化的關係，並針對結果進行分析與探討。

關鍵字

有限元素法 ； 膝關節模型 ； 坐到站

並列摘要

Lower limbs are needed in many motions to human, such as walking, running, up or down stairs, stand up, sit down etc. There are many joints in the lower limbs. The knee joint is the one which has the largest range of motion. The articular face of the knee joint may rolling and sliding during motions. Besides, the soft tissues may be rotating and stretching by adhere on the bones. The reaction forces between the soft tissues in knee joint may change with the knee joint range of motion. The knee joint not only keep the joint stability, but also lead the relative motion between the femur and the tibia. In base of the importance the knee ligaments to the human, and the high feasibility of the finite element analysis. It is worthy to do the loading and elongation analysis of the knee joint by using the finite element analysis.
The finite element analysis is composed by the four main part: the geometry, material parameter, boundary condition, and loading. In this study, the geometry information of the knee joint bone is come from CT images, and the ligaments is come from MRI images. The bone is seeing as a rigid body. The material parameter of the knee ligaments is base of the experiments and the literatures. The kinematics data of the bone is the boundary condition. In this study, the "displacement method" is used to replace the loading.
After the experiments and the finite element analysis, the ligament force, length, stress and strain during sit to stand are shown. Then, the relationship between the four results and the knee flexion angle are discussed and analyzed.

並列關鍵字

finite element analysis ； knee joint model ； sit to stand

參考文獻

Abebe, E. S., G. M. Utturkar, et al. (2011). "The effects of femoral graft placement on in vivo knee kinematics after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction." Journal of Biomechanics 44(5): 924-929.

Amis, A. and G. Dawkins (1991). "Functional anatomy of the anterior cruciate ligament. Fibre bundle actions related to ligament replacements and injuries." J Bone Joint Surg Br 73-B(2): 260-267.

Berg, K., S. Wood-Dauphinee, et al. (1989). "Measuring balance in the elderly: Preliminary development of an instrument." Physiotherapy Canada 41(6): 304-311.

Beynnon, B., J. G. Howe, et al. (1992). "The measurement of anterior cruciate ligament

Beynnon, B. D., B. C. Fleming, et al. (1995). "Anterior cruciate ligament strain behavior during rehabilitation exercises ( in vivo)." American Journal of Sports Medicine 23(1): 24-34.