文化政策與城市文化治理－「愛丁堡國際藝術季」的個案分析

Cultural Policy and Urban Cultural Governance--A Case Study of "Edinburgh International Festival"

杜慶珩(Ching-Heng Tu)

指導教授 ： 李碧涵

國立臺灣大學/社會科學院/國家發展研究所/碩士(2008年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU.2008.10084

摘要

在全球化的今日，世界上有許多城市透過舉辦文化節慶，來展現自身的文化特色與提升國際形象，其中愛丁堡每年夏季所舉辦的藝術節慶，經過數十年而歷久不衰，並且也營造出其品牌與知名度。同時我們處處可以看見國家或地方，透過文化治理的方式，向全世界展現其優勢與光芒，不但有助於提升地方經濟，也提高治理的效能；並且除了政府之外，也必須獲得當地私人企業、社區居民、地方社團的配合方可成功。因此在治理的概念當中，公私部門的協力合作、市民社會的支持與參與就更形重要，並且也需要政府具有治理的宏觀與氣度，在政策規劃與推動當中，給予民間輔導和支持。
本論文以脈絡分析為主軸，以文獻分析法與歷史比較分析法來進行研究，探討文化政策與愛丁堡藝術節之永續發展的相關性，以及政府如何與民間互動結合。透過愛丁堡的國際藝術節慶，作為個案研究對象，首先會探討其起源與發展，將其節慶的意義、歷史文化背景、營運組織及節目規劃等作一整理，並且同時介紹愛丁堡藝穗節與愛丁堡軍樂節。接下來會由政府政策的角度，探討英國與蘇格蘭的文化背景，以及其如何推動其文化政策與文化產業，並兼論歐盟文化政策之影響，也會就愛丁堡當地的城市文化政策與觀光發展來作歸納。最後會就愛丁堡藝術節進行個案分析，研究其建構國際藝術節的條件，以及其城市文化治理及城市永續性。
近年來，國內的觀光節慶蓬勃發展，本研究以愛丁堡如何從國內城市發展到國際城市、公私部門如何合作、城市文化治理與觀光發展等角度，對於將來國內文化節慶的規劃，提出建議與展望，相信文化節慶活動不但對於經濟發展有所提升，也能對文化認同、城市形象塑造與生活品質帶來改善。

關鍵字

文化政策 ； 城市治理 ； 文化治理 ； 愛丁堡國際藝術季 ； 文化節慶

並列摘要

Today, in the globalization age, many cities in the world show their cultural characters and promote the international image. Those festivals that hold in Edinburgh every year in summer, have been kept for a long time but never failed, and created their own brand and famousness. And we could see country and local government present the advantage and lights to the world through the way of cultural governance. Not only helpful to rise local economics, but also can raise the efficiency of governance. Besides the government, it must be accommodated by local industries, residents of the community, and local associations. Therefore, in the conception of governance, the public-private partnership and the participation of citizen society is more important. And it also needs the government with broad sight and magnanimity of governance to provide guidance and patronage to the folk.
This thesis is primarily processed by content analysis, researches in the way of literature analysis and history-comparison analysis, to see the correlativity between cultural policy and the sustainability of Edinburgh International Festivals, and how the government relates with the folk. Through the international festivals of Edinburgh, to be a studied case, we will examine the origin and development at first, to formulate the meanings of the festivals, the historic cultural background, operating organization, and programs planning. In the meanwhile, to introduce the Edinburgh Festival Fringe and Edinburgh Military Tattoo. Then to research the cultural background of British and Scotland, and to see how they propelled their cultural policy and cultural industries, and also talk about the effect of EU cultural policy. It also has the induction of Edinburgh's urban cultural policy and tourism. Finally, it would be a case study of Edinburgh International Festival. There we can see how to build up an international festival, and its urban governance and sustainable development.
In recent years, there are many tourist festivals appearing in Taiwan. This research focuses on how Edinburgh develop from a local city to an international city, how the public department cooperates with private groups, urban cultural governance, and tourism development. It also presents some advisory and prospection to the future festivals in Taiwan. It is believed that festival activities improve not only economic development, but also culture identification, form of urban image, and quality of life.

並列關鍵字

Cultural Policy ； Urban Governance ； Cultural Governance ； Edinburgh International Festival ； Cultural Festivals

參考文獻

吳淑鈴（2002），＜台灣國際藝術節建構之研究＞，南華大學美學與藝術管理研究所。

劉宜君（2004），〈提升城市競爭力治理途徑之研究〉，《政策研究學報》，第四期，頁47-80。

財團法人國家藝術基金會網站：http://www.ncafroc.org.tw/index.asp/

王俐容，「從文化工業到創意產業-Making Sense or Making Money?」，《文化視窗月刊》，第50期，第39~45頁，2003年。

古宜靈、周志龍、廖淑容。「文化政策與文化產業之發展－西歐城市經驗的省思」。理論與政策，十四卷第二期，頁165-197，2000年。