台灣家庭政策的準公共化托育照顧—以台中市2015-2020年的改革為例

The Quasi-Public Child Care Services in Taiwan: The Case of　Policy Reform in Taichung City, 2015-2020

林佳儀(Chia-Yi Lin)

指導教授 ： 施世駿

國立臺灣大學/社會科學院/國家發展研究所/碩士(2022年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU202200535

摘要

我國從2003年總生育率跌破1.3後，就再也沒回升，2021年過後直接跌破1，少子化已經是國安問題，所以如何讓年輕的人願意生小孩，甚至敢生第二胎、第三胎，並減輕他們的生養負擔，是我想研究的目標。
台中市是台灣六個直轄市中，生育率前三名的城市，在林佳龍前市長推動有社會投資、福利市場意涵的托育一條龍政策後，不論是公共、準公共、非營利的托嬰中心、幼兒園還有托育人員人數都持續的增加，台中市的送托率，也高於其他縣市，甚至2018年中央政府也參考了台中市的托育政策，制定了準公共化托育政策，提高托育補助，減輕生養孩子的負擔，故台中市的托育政策，一定有能學習之處。
因為我的研究2015-2020年橫跨台中市長的政權輪替，後任盧秀燕市長，雖延續托育一條龍的政策，但他主推的托育政策，是走向擴大公共化的服務，我認為這是托育政策的終極目標，但在考量建築時間以及成本，過渡期的需求缺口還是得與準公共及非營利的業者合作。
本研究在訪談完10個對象後，第四章透過整理訪談內容，劃分成四大面向「與政府互動」、「家長顧慮層面」、 「價格管制」以及「政策解決及執行」，並在結論，我也提了幾個對台灣、對台中的托育政策建議，希望未來有機會看到他們實踐。

關鍵字

少子化 ； 托育政策 ； 社會投資 ； 公私協力 ； 福利市場

並列摘要

Since Taiwan's total birth rate fell below 1.3 in 2003, it has never rebounded. After2021, it directly drops below 1. The low birth rate is already a national security issue, so how to make young people willing to have children, and even dare to have second one third one, and reducing their livelihood burden, is the goal what I want to study.
Taichung City has the top three birth rates among the six capital cities in Taiwan. After former Mayor Lin Chia Long promoted ‘the vertically integrated childcare policy’ with social investment and welfare market implications, whether it is public, quasi-public or non-profit childcare the number of babysitting centers, kindergartens, and nursery personnel has continued to increase. Taichung City's childcare rate is also higher than other cities. Even in 2018, the central government also referred to Taichung City's childcare policy and formulated quasi-public childcare. policy, increase childcare subsidies, and reduce the burden of having children. Therefore, Taichung City's childcare policy must have something to learn from.
Because my research spanned the regime rotation of the mayor of Taichung from
2015 to 2020, the future mayor Lu Xiu Yan continued ‘the vertically integrated childcare policy’ , but the childcare policy she advocated was to expand public services. I think this is the ultimate goal of childcare policy, but considering the construction time and cost, the gap in demand during the transition period still has to cooperate with quasi-public and non-profit operators.
After interviewed 10 people, the fourth chapter organizes the interview content and divides it into four areas: "interaction with the government", "parental concerns", "price control" and "policy resolution and implementation", and concludes in the conclusion , I also put forward a few childcare policy suggestions for Taiwan and Taichung, and I hope to have the opportunity to see them put into practice in the future.

並列關鍵字

low birthrate ； childcare policy ； social investment ； public-private cooperation ； welfare market

參考文獻

壹、中文

一、網路資料

內政部戶政司（2014）。〈人口政策白皮書〉。http://www.ris.gov.tw/252。2021/6/18檢索。

台中市育兒資源網（2021）。〈平價托育服務〉。https://parent-child.taichung.gov.tw/form/index.aspx?Parser=2,8,33。2021/6/19檢索。

台中市社會局（2015）。〈托育一條龍實施計畫〉。https://www.society.taichung.gov.tw/13710/13735/13738/13747/461380/。2021/6/18檢索。