論WTO司法實踐之目的解釋－妥善之目的識別

Teleological Interpretation in the WTO Dispute Settlement – Proper Identification of Object and Purpose

謝明山(Poowadon Jiaviriyaboonya)

指導教授 ： 羅昌發

國立臺灣大學/法律學院/法律學研究所/碩士(2012年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU.2012.00889

摘要

儘管維也納條約法公約第31條第1項、第33條第4項使用「目的及宗旨」之用語，其特性、角色、及適用仍不確定尚待釐清。本論文著重於條約詮釋之目的解釋方法，換句話說，檢驗世界貿易組織爭端解決小組與上訴機構，在詮釋「目的及宗旨」時，其可被理解、確認、及選擇的範圍。

觀察世界貿易組織法律架構，可以發現由於維也納條約法公約第31條反映了目的論元素，世界貿易組織爭端解決小組與上訴機構必須確認條約的目的及宗旨，然後詮釋之並賦予目的及宗旨效果。的確，法律文義此一最重要的元素，在合於目的及宗旨之詮釋下可以最適當理解。再者，大部分條約沒有唯一的目的及宗旨，適當的目的及宗旨的可以使條約被最有效詮釋。然而，世界貿易組織上訴機構常常需要權衡多種不同價值及利益。

目的及宗旨的角色，在維也納條約法公約第33條第4款世界貿易組織爭端解決機制下仍相當程度受限。儘管如此，在調和語言差異時目的及宗旨仍是重要的工具。在世界貿易組織法律架構下，較寬廣且有彈性的詮釋空間是有需要的。

關鍵字

世界貿易組織 ； 維也納條約法公約 ； 條約解釋 ； 目的 ； 目的解釋

並列摘要

Although the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties (VCLT) Article 31(1) and 33(4) refer to the “object and purpose”, the precise nature, role, and application of its concept present some uncertainty and enigma. This thesis is focused on teleological approach of treaty interpretation, in other words, an examination on how widely “object and purpose” is to be understood, identified, and selected by the Appellate Body and Panels in interpreting the WTO Agreements.

Observing the WTO jurisprudence leads to the finding that since the VCLT Article 31 reflects the teleological element, the Appellate Body and Panels have to ascertain the object and purpose then interpret so as to give effect to that object and purpose. Indeed, the text, which is the main element, is only properly understood when interpreted in light of the treaty’s object and purpose. Furthermore, most treaties have no single object and purpose; the appropriate one should lead to the interpretation that gives effect to the treaty the most. However, the Appellate Body often balances various values or types of interest.

The role of object and purpose in Article 33(4) is still quite limited in WTO dispute settlement; nevertheless it is clear that in case of reconciliation of language differences, the object-and-purpose is the outstanding tool. The jurisprudence of the WTO indicates the need for a broader and flexible interpretation.

並列關鍵字

World Trade Organization ； Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties ； VCLT ； treaty interpretation ； object and purpose ； teleological interpretation

參考文獻

I. English Books

Aust, Anthony (2007), Modern Treaty Law and Practice, 2nd ed. (Cambridge University Press).

Black, Henry Campbell (1990), Black’s Law Dictionary, 6th ed. (West Group).

Cannizzaro, Enzo (2011), The Law of Treaties Beyond the Vienna Convention (Oxford University Press).

Correa, Carlos (2007), Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights: A Commentary on the TRIPS Agreement (Oxford University Press).