新住民數位技能對於就業的影響

新住民透過婚姻遷移至臺，就業是融入社會重要途徑。新住民多從事低技術需求的職業，來自東南亞國家的新住民更多從事純勞力職業。本研究旨在根據數位落差的層次與內涵，首先探討新住民數位使用的範疇與程度，並以此區辨新住民的數位技能，而後檢視新住民的就業狀況與職業類別，探討數位技能的提升是否有利新住民從事技術要求較高的工作。利用行政院國家發展委員會於2017年所執行的「106年新住民數位機會項況與需求調查」資料，並以原生國籍為中國大陸、越南與印尼籍女性作為分析基礎，採用潛在類別分析法、多類別邏輯迴歸進行分析。最後發現新住民數位使用以順序型程度所呈現，並將其依照使用程度命名為「無使用型」、「低度使用型」、「中度使用型」以及「高度使用型」。在未考慮任何因素情況下，中國大陸籍新住民為三國籍中最低機率從事非技術型職業。儘管考慮各種因素情況下，印尼籍仍有50%的機率從事非技術型職業，為三國中最高。數位技能有助於職業技術層次的提升，越廣泛使用數位科技有較高機率從事專業型職業。

關鍵字

婚姻移民；數位技能；就業

並列摘要

For the majority of marriage immigrants labor market participation is the single most important step to a successful integration into host societies. These immigrants, particularly from Southeastern Asian countries, remain more likely than Taiwan-born workers to work in lower-skill and unskilled occupations. This study aims to examine the relationship between digital skills and employability among marriage immigrants mainly from China, Vietnam, and Indonesia. First, this study uses the concept of digital divide to explore the digital usage of marriage immigrants and defines them as digital competency. Second, this study analyzes the effect of nationality differences on employment. Finally, this research clarifies the possibility of improvement the digital competency on the level of occupational technology. The data come from the Digital Opportunity Survey (New Immigrants), and based our analysis on the native nationality of Chinese, Vietnamese and Indonesian women. Moreover, we adopt the latent class analysis, multinomial logistic regression model as research methods. This study finds that the digital usage of marriage immigrants is presented in ordinal breadths. Also, we named them no usage, low usage, medium usage and high usage. Without considering any other factors, marriage immigrants of Chinese nationality have the lowest chance of engaging in non-skilled occupations among marriage immigrants of the three countries. Although considering various factors, Indonesians still have 50% chance to engage in non-skilled occupations, which is the highest percentage among the three countries. The study also finds the more widely marriage immigrants use digital technology, the more opportunities to pursue professional careers.