運用基於派翠網之蟻群最佳化法於營建資源之規劃—以高科技廠房格子版施工為例

Applying Petri-net-based Ant Colony Optimization to Resource Allocation: The Case of Waffle Slab Construction

吳曜安(Yao-an Wu)

指導教授 ： 張陸滿

國立臺灣大學/工學院/土木工程學研究所/碩士(2009年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU.2009.00897

摘要

對高科技產業而言，新廠興建必須考量企業產能規劃和景氣循環，導致初期規劃設計時間短；且工期緊湊，排程容錯率相當低。工程專案排程預定目標之達成，首重營建資源分派之規劃，工項必須給予適當的資源組合，方可得到與排程相符的結果。
為彌補傳統CPM網圖於工作資源需求描述之不足，本研究之目的係嘗試導入派翠網(Petri-net)，藉其善於表現資源與工作連結之特性，增進流程模擬的可信度。並透過蟻群最佳化演算法(Ant Colony Optimization)，建構基於派翠網的智慧型資源規劃模式，進行案例之模擬分析及資源數量分派最佳化。
潔淨室為高科技廠房專案中最具代表性之設施，是機台安裝與廠房氣密的先置條件，而潔淨室各工項中，又以格子版(Waffle Slab)結構工程最為關鍵。本研究以格子版結構工程為例，首先以派翠網建立格子版工作流模型，並實地調查格子版各工序之資源需求，分析不同資源組合下之工期與資源使用。與實際施工獲得之數值進行比較，發現派翠網能真實呈現資源配置對工率、工期之影響。建立可信的分析模型後，輔以蟻群最佳化演算法進行資源規劃。結果顯示，蟻群最佳化演算法能夠針對工程目標如工期、出工成本、工率等，迅速找出最適資源配置組合。本研究結合派翠網及蟻群最佳化演算法，提供一種迅速且可信的資源規劃方式，讓規劃者在專案工期與資源間取得平衡、減少資源閒置之浪費。

關鍵字

派翠網 ； 資源分派 ； 蟻群最佳化演算法 ； 工作流管理 ； 高科技廠房 ； 營建管理

並列摘要

In High-Tech industry, the decision to construct a plant must take the business cycle and capacity requirement of the enterprise into consideration. To facilitate the products getting into market earlier, it often results in the shortening of the duration needed for finishing a plant. The crashing of the scheduling makes the construction less fault-tolerant. Resource planning has significant influence on the activities' completion, and each activity must be given adequate of resource to assure every task been finished as planned. The purpose of this research is to propose a more precisely workflow network to improve the reliability of scheduling, and use artificial intelligence to reduce the time of searching the best combination of resource.
Cleanroom is the most core facility of the High-Tech plan. In a high-tech plant construction, the activity of completing the cleanroom is normally along the project’s critical path. Its completion is crucial to the timely delivery of the company’s products. To timely complete the cleanroom, adequate resource must be supplied to the construction.
CPM is a widely used method on project scheduling, but it is inadequate to describe the linkage between resources and tasks. In this research, the Petri-net, a graphical tool in the modeling of workflow management and manufacturing process is proposed to improve the reliability of the workflow simulation. Base on the Petri-net workflow simulation and the collaboration of Ant Colony Optimization(ACO), the optimization time of resource combination is significantly reduced. Meanwhile, the reliability of simulation and optimization are greatly improved.
Firstly, a Petri-net workflow model of waffle slab is established, then the field data has been surveyed and imported into the simulation process. The results of field data and Petri-net simulation was then compared. According to the outcome, the result of Petri-net simulation has high relativity with the result of field construction work. This fact verifies that Petri-net is a suitable tool for modelling real construction workflow. Secondly, an artificial intelligence of ACO has been applied to accelerate the planning process of resource allocation. The optimization result shows that the Petri-net based ACO is a fast and reliable method against resource allocation problem.

並列關鍵字

Petri-net ； Resource Allocation ； Ant Colony Optimization ； Workflow Management ； High-Tech Facility ； CPM

參考文獻

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