政策支持與產業發展之關聯性研究 — 以我國風力發電產業為例

在近代經濟發展過程中，以日本為首的東亞國家以政策支持產業發展之策略促進政府選擇之特定產業發展的例子不勝枚舉，如日本汽車產業、南韓造船產業、臺灣晶片代工產業等。政府對於欲發展之產業進行策略性規畫、制定相關法令規範，並且於產業發展過程中致力維持市場秩序。歐盟於1990年代末制定《再生能源發展策略與行動綱領》白皮書，並訂立區域內再生能源須於2010年達總發電量12%的發展目標。之後，歐盟經常性地修訂目標，同時已於2020年達成再生能源佔總發電20%的發展目標。其中，德國以固定電價收購制動政策推動再生能源應用與發展之成功經驗成為全球各國學習之楷模。我國雖於2009年完成《再生能源發展條例》之立法，然而2009至2016年間我國再生能源裝置容量新增2,014MW，平均每年新增約252MW；相較而言，2017至2019年間，因政府以政策積極推動之故，再生能源裝置容量新增2,362MW，平均每年新增約787MW。2016年後，政府以2025年達成「非核家園」為目標，推動太陽光電與風力發電新增裝置容量設置，其中以優惠政策吸引外資來台投資離岸風力發電受到社會各界注目。本研究將深入探討政策支持對再生能源產業的影響，從借鏡歐盟與德國發展經驗討論臺灣再生能源法案立法過程、與政府積極推動促成風力發電產業發展之影響。

關鍵字

政策支持；產業發展；再生能源；風力發電

並列摘要

In the process of the modern world economic development, Japan and many East Asian countries adopt industrial policies to boost the government selected industry development. There are many successfully cases, such as the Japanese automobile industry, the Korean ship manufacturing industry, and the Taiwanese IC foundry industry. Governments make strategic planning, tailor specific policies and regulations, and regulate the market to ensure the success of the chosen industries. In the late 1990s, the European Union announced “the Energy for the Future: Renewable Sources of Energy – White Paper for a Community Strategy and Action Plan” which set 12% energy generation coming from the renewables in 2010 as the goal for the regional green energy development. Since then, EU has been frequently reviewed and adjusted the policies and goals. EU has reached 20% of energy generation from the renewable energy in 2020. Germany’s feed-in-tariff policy has led the way to the growth and development of its renewable energy industry. The German Model also becomes the best practice for countries wish to start and develop the renewable energy. Taiwan completed its renewable energy regulation in 2009. Between 2009 to 2016, the renewable energy installed capacity grew 2,014MW, an average of 252MW increase per year. Comparatively, from 2017 to 2019, with policy intervention, the newly installed capacity increased 2,362MW, an average of 787MW increase per year. The Government’s “No Nuke 2025” goal has as driven the growth of solar and wind energy generator installation. With incentivized policy, offshore wind energy development is the most attractive source of renewable energy investment in Taiwan. This study is to examine the impact of policy intervention on industry development by looking into the EU and German experiences to analyze the correlation between policy and wind energy industry development in Taiwan.