摘要
台灣風場開發篳路藍縷歷經十餘年，仍處於起步階段推動不易，國內外學者及研究機構，亦少有相關研究。台灣雖擁有豐沛風能資源，然已開發風場，實際營運卻效率不佳。經本研究深入探討剖析，包括能源政策制定周全性、風場規劃完整性及能源政策落實執行等三方面工作仍有待加強。故本文首先彙整歐美風場開發先進國家，及風場開發後起新秀中國大陸等國家推動之能源政策。並與台灣能源政策分析比較，供決策當局參考。至於已開發風場營運效率不佳，經收集台灣已開發風場運轉資料，分析歸納出三個主要因素包括風機適性不佳、風場績效不佳及輸配電長期損耗過高。並初步評估各項因素造成風場營運效率損失。因風機適性不佳，約佔年滿發電量損失12%-27%，經營績效不佳造成損失約25%，輸配電長期損耗約5%。輸配電長期傳輸損耗中，將傳統變壓器改採高效變壓器約減少長期損耗0.2%，改採非晶值變壓器約減少0.25%。增加投資成本分別3年、7年可回收，三十年生命周期可減少C02排放量分別為162噸、207噸，仍極具經濟環保效益。 有關風機適性損失，則有賴政府推動風電產業自主政策，並納為再生能源政策主要一環，予以輔導推動方可獲得改善提昇風場效率，本文亦依風場類型及風機適性予分類，便利風場開發及風電自主產業，選用或研發適宜台灣風場之風機。風場績效改善，則因台電、英華威等公司，已累積十餘年運轉經驗。原委會核研所及工研院綠能所等研發單位，亦相繼投入風能評估技術、精準度之提昇，而持續改善並提昇風場效率中，本文亦彙整風能評估技術對風場開發之應用。至於降低輸配電長期損耗，以提升風場營運效率，國內外則尚無相關研究報告，亦為本文研究重點。降低長期損耗提升風場效率方法包括佈纜工程合理化及選用高效率輸配電設備。
並列摘要
After over ten years of hardship in the development of wind farms in Taiwan, wind farm is still in its infancy, and there are scanty researches by scholars and research institutions. Taiwan has rich wind energy resources; however, the operating efficiency of the developed wind farms is not low. According to the investigation of this study, the comprehensiveness of energy policies, complete wind farm planning, and energy policy implementation should be enhanced. This study first reviewed energy policies of wind farms development in developed countries, such as European countries and the US, as well as emerging countries, such as China. Those policies were compared with the energy polices of Taiwan for analysis, so as to provide references for the policymakers. The operating data of the developed wind farms in Taiwan indicated that the poor operating efficiency is attributed to three factors: low applicability of wind turbines, poor performance of wind farms, and high long-term loss of power transmission and distribution. A preliminary evaluation was conducted on the operating efficiency loss of the wind farms caused by those three factors. The loss of annual power generation due to low applicability of wind turbines was 12%-27%, that due to poor performance was 25%, and that due to long-term loss of power transmission and distribution was 5%. Regarding long-term loss of power transmission and distribution, the traditional transformers can be replaced by high-efficiency transformers to reduce long-term loss by 0.2%. Using a non-amorphous metal transformer can reduce the long-term loss by 0.25%. Increased investment costs can be recovered in 3 years and 7 years, and reduced CO2 emissions are 162 tons and 207 tons within 30-year life cycle. This has economic and environment benefits. Loss caused by applicability of wind turbines depends on government's autonomy policy for the wind turbine industry, which is a major link of the renewable energy policy. The wind turbine efficiency can be improved by promoting the policy. In this paper, the classification is based on wind farm types and applicability of wind turbines, with the aim to help the wind farm developers and independent wind farm enterprises to select or develop wind turbines suitable for wind farms in Taiwan. For performance improvement of wind farms, Taipower, Infravest and other companies have accumulated ten years of operating experiences. The Institute of Nuclear Energy Research of the Atomic Energy Council, as well as the Green Energy and Environment Research Laboratories of the Industrial Technology Research Institute, has invested wind energy evaluation technology and improvement of accuracy. In continuous improvement and increase of efficiency of wind farm, application of wind energy evaluation technologies to wind farms are summarized in this paper. This is a pioneering study on the improvement of wind farm operating efficiency by reducing long-term loss of power transmission and distribution. The methods of reducing long-term loss of power transmission and distribution to improve wind farm operation efficiency include optimization of cable layout and selection of high-efficiency power transmission and distribution equipment.
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