績效、關係與身份：中國大陸女性領導幹部的升遷與「無知少女」現象

Performance、Connections and Identities: The Promotion of Female Leading Cadres and WUZHISHAONV in Mainland China

朱懷洋(Huai-Yang Zhu)

指導教授 ： 洪美仁

國立臺灣大學/社會科學院/公共事務研究所/碩士(2019年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU201900912

摘要

改革開放之後，現代化與經濟建設重新回歸到中共執政目標的中心位置。政策重心的變化也使得中共為建設新時代的幹部隊伍而賦予幹部管理多重使命，包括經濟增長、政治穩定、男女平等和民族團結等。然而多個政策目標混雜在以政治選拔和一級管理為特徵的幹部管理系統中，容易造成各個目標彼此在有限資源下的相互排擠。在經濟發展和政治控制成爲中共當前幹部管理的主要目標時，依靠績效或關係提拔也成爲理解中國大陸官員升遷的重要運作機制，而另一方面，保障少數群體的人事政策在多層級的幹部管理體系中經過層層排擠，產生了所謂的「無知少女」現象。
那麼，究竟應當如何看待和解釋女性領導幹部的升遷——是根據其能力提拔的，抑或依靠於良好的政治關係，還是出於政策照顧的需要？本文以中國大陸2002-2018年地市級女性黨政領導（即市委書記和市長）為研究對象，通過實證研究發現經濟績效、政治關係與身份特徵因素在女性幹部升遷過程中有著不同的影響和作用。
政治關係是影響女性領導幹部升遷的重要因素，多重身份特徵則對女性市長的晉升具有負面的影響，而經濟績效並不對女性領導幹部的升遷產生顯著的影響。因而，依績效提拔機制在女性領導群體上可能失效，女性照顧政策的執行效果也並不顯著；另外，「無知少女」現象可能也只是媒體和官方宣傳放大的效果。最後，本文也提出了一些未來中共人事管理體制的改革建議，包括削減政府過多的層級、建立女性幹部選拔任用的配額制等。

關鍵字

女性領導幹部 ； 升遷 ； 經濟績效 ； 政治關係 ； 身份

並列摘要

After the reform and opening up, modernization and economic construction have returned to the center position of the CCP’s ruling goal. Changes in the policy focus have also enabled the CCP to give cadres management multiple missions for adapting the cadre contingent to the new era, including economic growth, political stability, gender equality and national unity. However, multiple policy objectives are mixed in the cadre management system characterized by political selection and first-level management, which easily leads to mutual exclusion of each target under limited resources. When economic development and political control become the main objectives of the current cadre management of the CCP, political selection relying on performance and connections has become important mechanisms for understanding the promotion of mainland Chinese officials. On the other hand, the personnel policy of protecting minorities has been crowding out at different levels in the multi-level cadre management system, which caused the so-called “WUZHISHAONV (Ignorant Girl)”

So, how should we explain the promotion of female leading cadres – is it based on their ability, or depends on good political relations, or is it necessary for policy care? This article focuses on the prefecture-level female secretaries and mayors from 2002 to 2018 in mainland China. Through empirical research, it is found that economic performance, political connections, and identities have different influences in the promotion of female cadres.

Political relationship is an important factor affecting the promotion of female leading cadres, while multiple identities have a negative impact on the promotion of female mayors, then economic performance does not have a significant impact on the promotion of female leading cadres. Therefore, the performance-based promotion mechanism may be invalid in the female leadership group, and the implementation effect of the female care policy is not significant. In addition, the phenomenon of "WUZHISHAONV" may be only the effect of media and official publicity amplification. Finally, this paper also proposes some suggestions for the future reform of the personnel management system of the CCP, including reducing the excessive level of government and establishing a quota system for the selection and appointment of female cadres.

並列關鍵字

Female leading cadres ； Promotion ； Economic performances ； Political connections ； Identities

參考文獻

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