青少年經歷背叛後的「我」：自我物化與覺察、認同運作風格、事件中心性及創傷與成長之性別關聯模式

目的：形塑自我概念及認同為青少年發展階段之主要挑戰與任務，而人際背叛經驗可能對此歷程造成負面影響。本研究欲探討青少年於背叛經驗後，其經驗整合與自我主體性、自我覺察及心理適應之關係。研究方法：研究對象為台北市12-18歲青少年（N = 386），採自陳式量表搜集資料。本研究包含三個子研究，研究一針對研究量表進行信效度檢驗，研究二探討青少年之背叛經驗與事件中心性、自我物化與覺察、認同運作風格及創傷後壓力症狀與成長之關係，研究三進行性別關聯模式分析。研究結果：（一）本研究之量表於青少年樣本中具良好心理計量特性。（二）背叛評估可預測PTSD症狀與PTG傾向。（三）背叛評估可預測自我物化中的「存在透明化」，進而預測PTSD症狀。（四）事件中心性可預測自我物化，於背叛評估與PTSD症狀之間具序列中介效果。其中，性別於事件中心性與自我物化之影響層面不同，僅女性透過此效果負向預測PTG。（五）女性背叛評估透過覺察清晰度預測PTSD症狀與PTG。（六）背叛評估透過事件中心性負向預測內省能力，於PTSD症狀之序列中介效果顯著。其中，事件中心性對覺察清晰度之預測具性別差異。（七）青少年背叛經驗中，散漫逃避型風格為危險因子，訊息型風格可作為保護因子，男性之調節效果更加明顯。討論：本研究結果可提供家長、教師與心理專業人員，於協助青少年面臨人際背叛之議題時可關注的面向，並可留意性別於背叛後自我訊息處理的差異。

關鍵字

主觀背叛評估；自我物化；認同運作風格；事件中心性；自我覺察； PTSD症狀；創傷後成長；青少年

並列摘要

Background: Formation of self-concept and identity is the main challenge and task in adolescence, and experiencing interpersonal betrayal may have negative effect on this process. The current study aimed to examine the relationship among adolescents’ betrayal experience integration, subjective sense of self, self-insight and psychological adjustment after the betrayal events .Methods: Participants were adolescents aged 12-18 in Taipei City (N = 386). Self-reported scales were administered. This study was divided into three sub-studies. Study 1 examined the reliability and validity of the research scales. Study 2 explored the relationship among adolescents’ betrayal experience, event centrality, self-objectification and awareness, identity operating style, and post-traumatic stress symptoms and growth. Study 3 investigated the gender-differentiated models and analyzed gender differences. Results: (1) The scales have good psychometric characteristics with adolescent samples in this study. (2) Betrayal appraisal predicted PTSD symptoms and PTG. (3) Betrayal appraisal predicted “existence invisibility” of self-objectification, and then predicted PTSD symptoms. (4) Event centrality predict self-objectification, with significant serial mediating effect on the association between betrayal appraisal and PTSD symptoms. More specifically, gender displayed different impact direction on event centrality and self-objectification, and only girls showed negatively prediction on PTG. (5) Betrayal appraisal predicted PTSD symptoms and PTG through “insight clarify” in girls. (6) Betrayal appraisal predicted PTSD symptoms and PTG with significant serial mediating effect that event centrality negatively predicted “insight competence” and positively predicted “insight clarify”. (7) The diffuse-avoidant identity style was found to be a risk factor in betrayal experience of adolescents, while informational identity style was a protector in betrayal experience, and this moderating effect of identity style was stronger for boys than girls. Discussion: The results may be indicative for parents, teachers and psychological professionals when helping the adolescents experiencing interpersonal betrayal issues. It is also worthnoting of gender difference in self-information processing after betrayal.

並列關鍵字

subjective betrayal appraisal ； self-objectification ； identity processing style ； event centrality ； PTSD ； post-traumatic growth ； adolescent

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青少年經歷背叛後的「我」：自我物化與覺察、認同運作風格、事件中心性及創傷與成長之性別關聯模式

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