台灣擁有學齡前兒童的已婚婦女之勞動參與行為趨勢

Trends in the Labor Force Participation among Married Women with Preschool Children in Taiwan

饒雨涵(Yu-han Jao)

指導教授 ： 李瑞中

國立臺灣大學/社會科學院/社會學研究所/碩士(2010年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU.2010.01353

摘要

近年來台灣婦女的勞動參與率持續提升，而主要變化集中於處於婚育階段的婦女。為檢視這群婦女的勞動參與趨勢，本研究使用婦女婚育與就業調查 1983至 2006 年共11 波的資料，並將樣本限定為擁有學齡前兒童的已婚婦女。
使用 APC模型，本研究企圖分解這群婦女勞動參與趨勢的年齡(Age)、時期(Period)與世代(Cohort)的效果。本研究發現時期(Period)對婦女勞動參與趨勢有正向的效果，世代(Cohort)則有一個負向的效果。進一步，本研究企圖指認出時期與世代的效果分別是透過哪些機制影響這群婦女的勞動參與趨勢。研究發現，晚期台灣技術、資金密集的產業結構使地區性勞動市場提供更多誘因給教育程度較高的已婚婦女，並使他們更願意進入勞動市場。這些較高教育程度婦女的行為改變解釋了時期(period)的上升趨勢。另外，初步的分析顯示樣本選擇偏誤的問題可能解釋了世代的負向趨勢。不同世代間工作承諾感的差異使這些婦女進入樣本的機率不同，而造成世代的向下趨勢。

關鍵字

婦女勞動參與 ； 趨勢 ； APC模型 ； 教育 ； 產業結構

並列摘要

Using eleven waves of the Women’s Marriage, Fertility, and Employment Survey, I examine trends in the labor force participation among married women with preschool children from 1983 to 2006 in Taiwan. The first aim of my research is to decompose the observed trends into cohort and period effects, net of age effects. Applying a variant of the
Age-Period-Cohort (APC) model proposed by Mason et al. (1973), I find an upward period trend and a downward cohort trend. The second aim is to examine the empirical validity of competing theoretical mechanisms responsible for the trends. I find that neither family composition factors nor husband’s characteristics help explain the period or cohort trends. Instead, the results show that behavioral changes across educational groups and the changing preference of the local labor market help explain the period trend. The results are also consistent with the sample selection argument that cohort differences in work commitment may partly explain the unexpected downward cohort trend among married women with preschool children.

並列關鍵字

female labor force participation ； industrial structure ； trends ； education ； APC model

參考文獻

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