臺灣棒球國際競爭力分析

本研究旨在探討影響臺灣棒球國際競爭力之要素，研究目的為建構臺灣棒球國際競爭力模型，作為未來棒球發展策略之參考。研究方法採用文獻回顧法歸納影響棒球國際競爭力之相關要素，並邀請 10 位產官學界的專家學者，透過焦點團體訪談法初步推導出競爭力模型架構，再舉行專家論壇凝聚共識，建構完整臺灣棒球國際競爭力模型。接著邀請 13 位專家學者填寫關聯性調查問卷，應用多準則決策模式的決策實驗室分析法結合分析網路程序法(DEMATEL based ANP)求得各要素指標間影響關聯性及重要程度，並運用指標分析結果提出具體改善建議，可增加產業發展之資源分配效率，並作為臺灣未來規劃棒球運動經營及推廣策略的參考依據。本研究歸納出臺灣棒球國際競爭力模型的 5 項要素「生產要素條件」、「需求條件」、「球隊策略、結構及競爭」、「關聯及支援產業」、「政府」及 17項競爭力指標，DANP 結果顯示 5 項要素中最具有影響效果的項目為「生產要素條件」及「政府」，前者權重 0.216 為權重排序最高順位，後者權重 0.203 排序第二順位；17 項競爭力指標中最具有影響效果的項目則為「球員素質」、「教練專業素養」、「棒球主管單位治理效能及對外合作關係」及「國際技術交流程度」。根據研究結果及討論，本研究在實務管理方面提出以下建議：未來規劃棒球政策時應重視提升球員與教練素質，透過教育管道培養整體棒球專業知識水準，並提倡將棒球運動融入民眾的日常生活，職業棒球球團則必須積極經營在地特色與促成國際棒球聯盟交流，豐富消費者觀賽體驗，主管單位可推動贊助運動產業之租稅優惠及退役運動員輔導機制，從制度面改善棒球運動發展環境。就學術方面而言，後續研究可對棒球運動發展更臻成熟的國家進行競爭力分析，或探討其他運動項目之發展境況，與臺灣棒球互相參照。

關鍵字

國際競爭力分析模型；決策實驗室分析法結合分析網路程序法；焦點團體訪談；國際競爭力

並列摘要

This study aimed to explore the determinants affecting the international competitiveness of Taiwanese baseball. The purpose of the research was to construct the diamond model of Taiwanese baseball for development strategy. The research method was to sort out relevant indexes affecting the international competitiveness by literature review method. We invited 10 experts with practical experience and scholars from academic field to select competitiveness indexes through focus group method to construct the preliminary framework. The forum was conducted to establish consensus of model. The correlation questionnaires were filled in by 13 experts and scholars. DEMATEL based ANP (DANP) approach was applied to analyze the correlation between each determinant and index. The diamond model of Taiwanese baseball is constructed, which incorporates five key determinants including “factor conditions,” “demand conditions,” “team strategy, structure, and rivalry,” “related and supporting industries,” and “government” with 17 competitiveness indexes. DANP results indicates that the most influential of the five determinants are “factor conditions” (weight 0.216 as the highest priority) and “government” (weight 0.203 as second priority). Among all the indexes, the four indexes with most influence included “the quality of players,” “the quality of coaches,” “the management effectiveness and external collaboration of relevant baseball agency,” and “international exchange of technique”. This research suggests that the quality enhancement of players and coaches, the cultivation of baseball expertise, and the popularization of sports participation should be emphasized while planning baseball policies. Furthermore, professional baseball clubs ought to enrich the visitor experience with developing regional features and organizing international collaboration for the purpose of satisfying the expectations of customers. Lastly, governmental authority shall legislate tax preference and promote the career counseling services for athletes.